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1. Penal institutions where offenders would go to be deprived of their freedom for punishment have been around
since the tenth century.
a.
True
b.
False
2. In the 1500s in Brideswell, a workhouse was built to hold those convicted of minor offenses, who would work to pay
off their debt; serious offenders were held there until their execution.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Floaters were abandoned ships anchored in harbors and used in eighteenth century England to house prisoners.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Supporters of the Pennsylvania system believed that the penitentiary was truly a place to experience
penitence.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The “modern” American correctional system has its origins in New York.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The Quakers pressured the state legislature to improve conditions in the prisons in Pennsylvania.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Medium-security prisons promote greater treatment efforts than maximum-security prisons.
a.
True
b.
False
8. The rehabilitation movement of the 1960s was guided by the medical model.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Boot camps are a form of shock incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
10. The number of adult females in jail has been growing at a much faster rate than males.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The amount of time served in prison has decreased.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The federal government has closed its boot camp program.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The Sumners–Ashurst Act made it a federal offense to transport interstate commerce goods made in prison for private
use.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Some pregnant women are allowed to keep their babies in prison with them.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Private prisons are called private because the food and medical services are provided by private contractors.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Medium-security prisons have liberal furlough but strict visiting policies.
a.
True
b.
False
17. John Augustus revolutionized corrections by calling for the renovation of the prison system in 1790.
a.
True
b.
False
18. The Auburn system used tiered cells, congregate living conditions, group activities, and silence as punishment.
a.
True
b.
False
19. The early twentieth century was a time of stark contrasts in the US prison system.
a.
True
b.
False
20. European Americans make up 47 percent of the jail population, so a disproportionate number of jail inmates are
minority.
a.
True
b.
False
21. New generation jails are designed to increase and improve security while giving inmates a sense of privacy.
a.
True
b.
False
22. In a maximum-security prison, most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.
a.
True
b.
False
23. Shock incarceration occurs in prison farms.
a.
True
b.
False
24. There are significantly higher recidivism rates by offenders housed in private prisons compared to state-run facilities.
a.
True
b.
False
25. There are currently more than 1.6 million inmates in the state and federal prison systems.
a.
True
b.
False
26. Approximately _____ of the people now entering prison are parole violates.
a.
one-fourth
b.
one-third
c.
half
d.
three-fourths
27. Currently there are _____________ inmates in the state and federal prison systems.
a.
800,000
b.
1.1 million
c.
1.6 million
d.
2.1 million
28. When did the concept of incarcerating convicted offenders as a form of punishment become the norm for
corrections?
a.
During biblical times
b.
Fourteenth century
c.
Seventeenth century
d.
Nineteenth century
29. Where were the English forced to house large numbers of prisoners in the late eighteenth century?
a.
In the ancient Le Stinche prison
b.
In the basement of Westminster Abbey
c.
In abandoned coal and copper mines
d.
On prison hulks and barges
30. The “modern” American correctional system had its origin in _______.
a.
New York
b.
Pennsylvania
c.
New Jersey
d.
Massachusetts
31. What group formed the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons?
a.
Buddhists
b.
Catholics
c.
Quakers
d.
Mormons
32. The Pennsylvania system in corrections was the first to take the radical step of:
a.
creating a specific gang intervention program.
b.
creating dormitory-type spaces for inmates to stay.
c.
placing each inmate in a single cell.
d.
placing inmates in prerelease work programs.
33. Which prison system was known as the congregate system?
a.
New Jersey system
b.
Auburn system
c.
Pennsylvania system
d.
Newbern system
34. What was the key to discipline in the Auburn system?
a.
Flogging
b.
Branding
c.
Prayer and penitence
d.
Silence confinement
35. What is the name for the system that allowed prison officials to sell the labor of inmates to private
businesses?
a.
Property in service system
b.
Guardian system
c.
Contract system
d.
Convict-lease system
36. The “modern” American correctional concept has its origin under the leadership of:
a.
William Penn.
b.
George Washington.
c.
Alexander Machonochie.
d.
Cesare Beccaria.
37. The major similarity between the Pennsylvania and the Auburn system was:
a.
penitence and prayer.
b.
group or congregate work.
c.
tiered cells.
d.
silent, harsh punishment.
38. Which is not one of the five primary purposes for jails?
a.
Detain accused offenders awaiting trial
b.
Hold probationers and parolees who are awaiting a revocation hearing
c.
House convicted felons when state prisons are overcrowded
d.
Hold mental patients when asylums are overcrowded
39. Which statement is false regarding the population of jail inmates?
a.
The number of juveniles in adult facilities has been dramatically increasing in the past decade.
b.
Less than 12 percent of jail inmates are female.
c.
Men and the poor are overrepresented among jail inmates.
d.
Racial and ethnic minorities are overrepresented among jail inmates.
40. An important trend in prisons of the twentieth century was the:
a.
development of the modern convict-lease system.
b.
development of increased rigidity and more prison rules.
c.
replacement of solitary confinement with the whip and lash.
d.
development of specialized prisons designed to treat particular types of offenders.
41. About ________ percent of the jail population is European Americans.
a.
25
b.
33
c.
50
d.
65
42. Which is false regarding new-generation jails?
a.
Unobserved inmates are essentially unsupervised.
b.
Continuous observation of residents is permitted.
c.
Direct supervision jails involve a cluster of cells surrounding a living area.
d.
Indirect supervision jails are a type of new-generation jail.
43. What type of jail has the correctional officer’s station located inside a secure room?
a.
Linear jail
b.
Indirect supervision jail
c.
Direct supervision jail
d.
Maximum security jail
44. Which of the following statements best describes correctional technology?
a.
Escape from jail can be prevented through the monitoring of an inmates’ heartbeat.
b.
Ground penetrating radar can locate tunnels inmates use to escape.
c.
An all-in-one detection spray can be used to detect someone who possesses marijuana,
methamphetamines, heroin, or cocaine.
d.
All of these are true regarding correction technology.
45. Joliet and the “The Rock” were examples of what type of prison?
a.
Maximum security
b.
Medium security
c.
Minimum security
d.
A prison farm
46. The primary purpose of a maximum-security prison is:
a.
rehabilitation.
b.
security.
c.
deterrence.
d.
silence.
47. Prison farms and camps are found primarily in what sections of the country?
a.
Northeast
b.
Along the East coast
c.
The states bordering Canada
d.
South and the West
48. Shock incarceration programs generally last how long?
a.
1–2 days
b.
1–3 weeks
c.
90–180 days
d.
6–12 months
49. Shock incarceration is generally designed with what target population in mind?
a.
Violent offenders
b.
Elderly offenders
c.
Drug offenders
d.
Youthful, first-time offenders
50. The US Correctional Corporation opened its first private prison in what state?
a.
New York
b.
Kentucky
c.
Virginia
d.
Georgia
51. Private prisons have the unique advantage of:
a.
allowing the government to circumvent the voting process to approve a bond issue.
b.
being selective in which inmates are housed.
c.
not cutting corners, because they have private sources of funding.
d.
being difficult to determine accountability for problems and mishaps.
52. The inmate population in the United States has __________ despite a decade long crime drop.
a.
increased exponentially
b.
stabilized
c.
only decreased minimally
d.
stayed the same
53. The majority of inmates the in the United States are:
a.
housed in maximum or super-maximum facilities.
b.
housed in private prisons.
c.
alcohol and/or drug dependent at the time of their arrest.
