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chapter 10
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Undercover investigations are rarely used by federal law enforcement agencies.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The WashACT serves as a model nationwide in conducting training in the area of human trafficking.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Cybercrime trends change regularly and quickly, which can make them difficult for law enforcement to keep up with.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Crime analysis goes hand-in-hand with community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Repeat offender programs (ROPs) are based on the fact that only a few criminals are responsible for most of the
predatory street crime in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Sting operations targeting lewd behavior have often been used around the country, particularly in parks and areas
frequented by children.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Jacobson v. United States is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case related to entrapment.
a.
True
b.
False
8. One of the ways detectives use to solve cold cases is DNA analysis.
a.
True
b.
False
9. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the use of multiagency investigative task forces.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Decoy operations are most effective for combating the crimes of robbery, purse snatching, and other larcenies from
the person; burglaries; and thefts of and from automobiles.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The single most important determinant of whether or not a crime is solved is the quality of work performed by the
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detectives.
a.
True
b.
False
12. In a Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program, patrol officers play very limited roles in the investigation of
past crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
13. In smaller departments, detectives tend to be generalists.
a.
True
b.
False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
14. Which of the following is a solvability factor in the MCI program?
a.
Is there a witness?
b.
Is a suspect named or known?
c.
Will the complainant cooperate?
d.
All of these choices.
15. A legal defense that holds that police originated the criminal idea or initiated the criminal action is called
___________.
a.
civil code
b.
entrapment
c.
police solicitation
d.
entanglement
16. When Mark Willman and John Snortum duplicated the Rand and PERF findings in a study of detective work
in 1984, they found that in cases reported to a suburban police department, most cases that were solved when
______.
a.
the victim identified the perpetrator in a photo line-up
b.
the perpetrator was identified as a “person of interest”
c.
the perpetrator confessed
d.
the perpetrator was identified at the scene of the crime
17. Nationally, police are only able to clear ____________________ percent of all property crimes reported to
them.
a.
19
b.
46
c.
65
d.
87
18. Programs concentrating investigative resources on career criminals are called ____________.
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a.
targeting programs
b.
proactive programs
c.
repeat offender programs
d.
anti–career criminal programs
19. The Rand report said that half of all detectives could be replaced without negatively influencing
____________.
a.
recidivism reduction
b.
crime clearance rates
c.
offender rehabilitation
d.
undercover programs
20. The Rand study was called ____________________.
a.
The Criminal Investigation Process
b.
Today’s Criminal Investigators
c.
Patrolling the Streets
d.
Crime in America
21. Detectives in a centralized squad are considered ____________________.
a.
specialists
b.
generalists
c.
in field training
d.
felony-only detectives
22. One of the primary purposes of police patrol is to prevent crime by creating a sense of ___________.
a.
security
b.
omniscience
c.
omnipresence
d.
community awareness
23. The vast majority of all arrests are made _________.
a.
at the scene of the crime
b.
within 48 hours
c.
within 2 weeks
d.
within 1 month
24. Plainclothes officers’ efforts to blend into an area and attempt to catch a criminal are called ______.
a.
coercing
b.
blending
c.
shadowing
d.
marking
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25. Nationally, police are able to clear only____________________ percent of all violent crimes reported to
them.
a.
16.5
b.
46.0
c.
65.8
d.
87.1
26. Marvin Wolfgang discovered that most predatory street crime in the United States is committed by
__________.
a.
only a few criminals
b.
convicted felons
c.
sex offenders
d.
individuals under the influence of drugs
27. Dressing as and playing the role of a potential crime victim is known as ________.
a.
a decoy operation
b.
an envoy operation
c.
a convoy operation
d.
targeting
28. Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that
emphasized __________.
a.
proactive investigations by detectives of future crime
b.
follow-up investigations by patrol officers of past crimes
c.
retroactive investigations by detectives of past crimes
d.
cold-case investigations
29. The single most important determinant of whether or not a case will be solved is the information the victim
supplies to the ____________________.
a.
detective
b.
immediately responding patrol officer
c.
dispatcher
d.
supervisor
30. The investigative process begins with ___________.
a.
a call to 911
b.
assignment by the sergeant
c.
a citizen complaint
d.
the patrol officer
31. What system has greatly improved the surveillance of sex offenders?
a.
Johansen system
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b.
Adult monitoring system (AMS)
c.
Probation positioning enhancement system (PPES)
d.
Global positioning system (GPS)
32. The MCI program is designed to put most of an investigator’s time and effort into __________.
a.
all misdemeanors that have a chance to be solved
b.
only very important cases and cases that actually can be solved
c.
only cases in which the complainant agrees to cooperate
d.
None of these choices.
33. The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that detectives
should be assigned only to preliminary investigations of ____________.
a.
misdemeanors
b.
crimes of violence
c.
very serious or complex preliminary investigations
d.
All of these choices.
34. In a case enhancement program, detectives ___________.
a.
debrief suspects to obtain further information
b.
assist arresting officers in preparing a case for court
c.
engage in liaison with the district attorney
d.
All of these choices.
35. During the 1990s, the crime rates across the country __________.
a.
went up in aggregate
b.
went down at an unprecedented rate
c.
remained constant
d.
went up for some crimes and down for others
36. Entrapment is a(n) ____________________ defense.
a.
perfect
b.
good faith
c.
equitable
d.
affirmative
37. Which of the following state is considered the "epicenter" of the prescription fraud drug trade?
a.
Florida
b.
Colorado
c.
California
d.
New York
38. An investigative unit that reexamines old cases that have remained unsolved is called a _____________.
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a.
special acquired-technique squad (SATS)
b.
hot-case squad
c.
cold-case squad
d.
geriatric unit
39. A study by Florida State University released in 2006 found that offenders tracked by GPS were
____________________ percent less likely to abscond or reoffend than those not monitored.
a.
26
b.
49
c.
70
d.
90
40. The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommended that
____________________ should be directed to conduct thorough preliminary investigations.
a.
detectives
b.
supervisors
c.
nonsworn personnel
d.
patrol officers
41. The MCI program involves all of the following except ______________.
a.
case screening
b.
solvability factors
c.
case enhancement
d.
enhanced patrol techniques
42. The case of Carlie Brucia was solved in part due to ___________.
a.
testimonial evidence of her sister
b.
the use of surveillance cameras
c.
the use of DNA analysis
d.
the implementation of a GPS tracking system
43. Detectives in a decentralized squad are considered ____________________.
a.
specialists
b.
generalists
c.
in field training
d.
felony-only detectives
44. Decoy operations are most effective in detecting and arresting all of the following except ____________.
a.
robbers
b.
purse snatchers
c.
persons committing larcenies from autos
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d.
murderers
45. The idea that detective work is glamorous, exciting, and dangerous, as it is depicted in the movies and on
television, is called the ___________.
a.
detective mystique
b.
detective role
c.
detective model
d.
detective initiative
46. The use of analytical methods to obtain pertinent information on crime patterns and trends that can then be
disseminated to officers on the street is called ____________________.
a.
criminal profiling
b.
CompStat
c.
crime mapping
d.
crime analysis
47. ____________________ are effective in cases in which the police receive a tip that a crime is going to occur
in a commercial establishment or in which the police discover or come upon a pattern.
a.
Stings
b.
Stakeouts
c.
Decoys
d.
Inventories
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
48. A covert investigation in which an investigator assumes a different identity to obtain information or achieve another
investigatory purpose is called a(n) ____________________ investigation.
49. __________ operations are undercover police operations in which police officers pose as criminals to arrest law
violators; for example, sting operations might be used to apprehend thieves and recover stolen property.
50. A(n) __________ is the hidden surveillance of a location or person; for example, a group of heavily armed officers
might hide in an area of a store or building to wait for an impending holdup.
51. The advances of __________technology have led to the increase in the use of cold-case squads to solve crimes.
52. In __________ operations, officers dress as, and play the role of, potential victims—drunks, nurses, business people,
tourists, prostitutes, blind people, isolated subway riders, and the like.
53. Police and business owners are now posting videos on the __________ website to allow the public to see suspected
criminals.
54. In __________ operations, officers dressed in civilian clothes try to intermingle into an area and patrol it on foot or in
unmarked police cars in an attempt to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime.
55. Law enforcement is posting surveillance video on ___________ to assist their investigations in identifying suspects.
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56. __________ are responsible for the vast majority of all arrests.
57. The two basic types of decoy operations are __________ and __________.
58. Inducing an individual to commit a crime he or she did not contemplate for the sole purpose of instituting an arrest and
criminal prosecution against the offender is called __________.
59. The __________is an operation in which an undercover police officer purchases drugs from a subject, and then leaves
the scene and contacts the backup team, which responds and arrests the seller.
60. ROPs concentrate on __________
61. The Rand study of the investigative process resulted in a proposal regarding a more effective way to investigate past
crimes. The program outlined in this proposal is called __________.
62. Discuss the concept of modus operandi and how the process of identifying it has evolved.
63. Detail the pros and cons of sting operations.
64. What criteria do investigators use to identify high-rate dangerous offenders?
65. Describe the three general methods used to conduct drug undercover investigations.
66. Discuss the Rand and PERF studies and what they found about the effectiveness of detectives in solving crimes.
67. Why are mentoring programs important to police departments?
68. What is entrapment and how does it affect undercover operations?
69. What are solvability factors and how has using them changed investigations?
70. Explain the differences and similarities between the detective’s role in decentralized and centralized departments.
71. Discuss how the increased use of smartphones and social media has changed police investigations.
72. Discuss the tasks to be completed in a preliminary investigation, including who is responsible for those tasks.
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Answer Key
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Name:
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52. decoy
53. YouTube
54. blending
55. YouTube
56. Patrol officers
57. blending, decoy (in any order)
58. entrapment
59. buy-bust
60. repeat offenders (career criminals)
61. Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI)
62. Student responses will vary.
63. Student responses will vary.
64. Student responses will vary.
65. Student responses will vary.
66. Student responses will vary.
67. Student responses will vary.
68. Student responses will vary.
69. Student responses will vary.
70. Student responses will vary.
71. Student responses will vary.
72. Student responses will vary.
