Chapter 10– Cognitive Behavior Therapy
MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST ITEMS
1. The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy is: (p. 273)
a. William Glasser.
b. Frederick Perls.
c. Albert Ellis.
d. Joseph Wolpe.
e. none of the above
2. Rational emotive behavior therapy belongs to which category of therapy? (p. 273)
a. existential-humanistic
b. client-centered
c. psychoanalytic
d. Gestalt
e. cognitive-behavior/action oriented
3. The cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy stresses: (p. 275)
a. support, understanding, warmth, and empathy.
b. awareness, unfinished business, impasse, and experiencing.
c. thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing.
d. subjectivity, existential anxiety, self-actualization, and being.
e. transference, dream analysis, uncovering unconscious, and early experience.
4. The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are: (p. 278)
a. antecedent, behavior, consequences.
b. activating events, behaviors, cognitions.
c. antecedent, belief, cognitions.
d. activating event, belief, consequence.
5. REBT views emotional disturbances as the result of: (p. 277)
a. inadequate mothering during infancy.
b. failure to fulfill our existential needs.
c. excessive feelings.
d. irrational thinking and behaving.
6. According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance? (p. 277)
a. blame
b. resentment
c. rage
d. unfinished business
e. depression
7. REBT contends that people: (p. 277)
a. have a need to be loved and accepted by everyone.
b. need to be accepted by most people.
c. will become emotionally sick if they are rejected.
d. do not need to be accepted and loved.
e. both (b) and (c)
8. Which of the following is not one Ellis’s three basic musts? (p. 277)
a. “If others fail to treat me well, they must be miserable human beings.”
b. “Others must like me and appreciate my talents or else I am a failure.”
c. “I must be kind to others or else I won’t be a good person.”
d. “I must get what I want when I want it or I won’t be able to stand it.”
9. REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and behavioral problems?
(p. 289)
a. the phenomenological method
b. the empirical method
c. the Gestalt method
d. the philosophical method
10. The main therapeutic goal of REBT is: (p. 279)
a. to teach clients how to recognize which ego state they are in.
b. to make the unconscious conscious.
c. to assist the client in becoming aware of his or her “being–in-the-world.”
d. to challenge the client in making both a value judgment and moral decision about the quality of
his or her behavior.
e. none of the above
11. The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to: (p. 280)
a. become an “existential partner” with the client.
b. create a climate of safety and freedom from threat.
c. challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life.
d. encourage the client to experience fully the here-and-now.
e. help the client relive past emotional traumas.
12. REBT can best be considered as: (p. 290-291)
a. an educative process.
b. a didactic process.
c. a process challenging ideas and thinking.
d. a teaching/learning process.
e. all of the above
13. Ellis contends that human beings are: (p. 276)
a. self-talking.
b. self-evaluating.
c. self-sustaining.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
14. The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a: (p. 290)
a. co-therapist.
b. passive observer.
c. student or learner.
d. partner.
15. Which method is often employed in REBT? (p. 290-292)
a. the “homework assignment” method
b. the contract method
c. the logical analysis method
d. behavioral and action methods
e. all of the above
16. Who has developed a cognitive theory of behavior change? (p. 296)
a. Donald Meichenbaum
b. Albert Bandura
c. B. F. Skinner
d. Joseph Wolpe
e. all of the above
17. Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy? (p. 278)
a. Albert Ellis
b. Donald Meichenbaum
c. A. T. Beck
d. all of the above
18. A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is: (p. 277)
a. its use of the A-B-C theory in analyzing the client.
b. its use of behavioral techniques.
c. its applicability to group work.
d. its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance.
e. both (a) and (d)
19. Beck’s cognitive therapy involves: (p. 287)
a. helping clients recognize and discard self defeating thinking.
b. looking at a client’s “internal dialogue.”
c. correcting erroneous beliefs.
d. all of the above
e. all but (b)
20. According to Meichenbaum, behavioral change: (p. 296)
a. occurs as a result of a three-phase change process.
b. occurs strictly as a result of starting a new internal dialogue.
c. will come about if clients are simply taught more effective coping skills.
d. begins with self-observation.
e. both (a) and (d)
21. Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of Meichenbaum’s stress-inoculation
program? (p. 298)
a. conceptual-application-rehearsal
b. application-conceptual-rehearsal
c. application-rehearsal-conceptual
d. rehearsal-conceptual-application
e. conceptual-rehearsal-application
22. According to Ellis, we develop emotional and behavioral difficulties because: (p. 277)
a. we think of simple preferences as dire needs.
b. we live by the values our parents gave us.
c. we refuse to deal with unfinished business.
d. we have learned maladaptive behaviors.
e. we do not possess any self-actualizing tendencies.
23. An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from: (p. 277)
a. unresolved issues of the past.
b. inadequate ego-defense mechanisms.
c. the internal repetition of irrational sentences.
d. a normal human condition that should be accepted.
e. none of the above
24. In REBT, what method is taught to clients to help them challenge irrational beliefs? (p. 279)
a. autogenic method
b. disputational method
c. self-management method
d. phenomenological method
e. multimodal method
25. Which of the following is true about the relationship between a client and a rational emotive behavior
therapist? (p. 281)
a. Therapists make value judgments in helping their clients gain insight.
b. It is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance.
c. Personal warmth is considered to be very important.
d. The therapist assumes a nondirective stance.
e. Transference is encouraged to develop.
26. Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with anxiety and
challenge basic irrational thinking? (p. 282)
a. changing one’s language
b. cognitive homework
c. dream analysis
d. skill training
e. assertiveness training
27. According to REBT, it is important to change the way one uses language because: (p. 283)
a. imprecise language is one of the causes of distorted thinking processes.
b. language shapes thinking and behavior.
c. language shapes feelings.
d. all of the above
e. both (a) and (b)
28. The REBT technique that involves having clients imagine themselves in situations where they feel
inappropriate feelings is called: (p. 283)
a. cognitive homework.
b. disputing irrational beliefs.
c. role playing.
d. shame-attacking exercises.
e. rational-emotive imagery.
29. Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT? (p. 284)
a. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.
b. It involves emotional components.
c. It involves behavioral components.
d. It helps pinpoint irrational beliefs.
e. It allows the client to work through underlying irrational beliefs.
30. Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of “what
people might think?” (p. 284)
a. role playing
b. desensitization
c. cognitive homework
d. shame-attacking exercises
e. changing one’s language
31. All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that: (p. 296)
a. it was developed by Meichenbaum.
b. it is a form of cognitive restructuring.
c. it focuses directly on changing a client’s behavior in social situations.
d. it is also known as cognitive behavior modification.
32. Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping-skills
program? (p. 297)
a. exposing clients to anxiety-provoking situations by means of role playing and imagery
b. evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests
c. teaching clients to become aware of the anxiety-provoking cognitions they experience in stressful
situations
d. having the clients examine their thoughts through reevaluating their self-statements
a. noting the level of anxiety following reevaluation
33. All of the following are cognitive methods of REBT except for: (p. 282-283)
a. shame-attacking exercises.
b. disputing irrational beliefs.
c. changing one’s language.
d. completing homework assignments.
34. Which of the following is not true of Beck’s cognitive therapy? (p. 287-289)
a. It is an insight therapy.
b. It is a short-term or time-limited structured approach.
c. It is an active and focused form of therapy.
d. It asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems.
e. It is based on the assumption that the way people feel and behave is determined by the way they
structure their experience.
35. One of the main ways that Beck’s cognitive therapy differs from Ellis’s REBT is that in Beck’s
approach, more so than in Ellis’s approach: (p. 290)
a. reality testing is highly organized.
b. thinking is considered to influence feeling and action.
c. the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process.
d. clients are asked to look for evidence to support their conclusions.
36. In Meichenbaum’s cognitive behavior modification, what is given primary importance?
(p. 296)
a. using a Socratic dialogue to get clients thinking
b. collaborative empiricism
c. automatic thoughts
d. inner speech
e. a multimodal approach to changing one’s thinking and behaving
37. Stress inoculation training consists of: (p. 298)
a. behavioral rehearsals.
b. self-monitoring.
c. cognitive restructuring.
d. problem solving.
e. all of the above
38. One strength of cognitive behavioral therapy group counseling is that: (p. 287)
a. emphasis is placed on symptom prevention.
b. clients can remain relatively emotionally disengaged.
c. leaders take a non-directive stance.
d. leaders believe that insight is necessary for behavior change.
39. In cognitive therapy, therapy techniques are designed to: (p. 293)
a. assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs.
b. help clients experience their feelings more intensely.
c. assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living.
d. enable clients to deal with their existential loneliness.
e. teach clients how to think only positive thoughts.
40. The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms, or in
categorizing experiences in either/or extremes, is known as: (p. 289)
a. magnification and exaggeration.
b. polarized thinking.
c. arbitrary inference.
d. overgeneralization.
e. none of the above
41. Beck’s cognitive therapy differs from Ellis’s REBT in that Beck’s approach emphasizes:
(p. 290)
a. more of a Socratic dialogue.
b. helping clients to discover their misconceptions by themselves.
c. working with the client in collaborative ways.
d. more structure in the therapy process.
e. all of the above
42. Beck’s cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of: (p. 293)
a. stress symptoms.
b. anxiety reactions.
c. phobias.
d. depression.
e. cardiovascular disorders.
43. In Meichenbaum’s self-instructional therapy, focus is on: (p. 296)
a. detecting and debating irrational thoughts.
b. learning the power of reexperiencing childhood events.
c. learning the A-B-C theory of emotional disturbances.
a. carrying out shame-attacking exercises in daily life.
e. none of the above
44. The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence is:
(p. 288)
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
e. personalization.
45. The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event
is: (p. 288)
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
e. personalization.
46. The process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them
inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings is known as: (p. 288)
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
47. The tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for
making this connection, is known as: (p. 289)
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
e. personalization.
48. The cognitive distortion that involves portraying one’s identity on the basis of imperfections and
mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one’s true identity is: (p. 289)
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences
d. selective abstraction.
e. personalization.
49. To a large degree, cognitive therapy is: (p. 275)
a. an experiential model.
b. a psychoeducational model.
c. a psychodynamic model.
d. based on principles borrowed from Gestalt therapy.
50. The concept of automatic thoughts plays a central role in whose theory? (p. 288)
a. Ellis
b. Beck
c. Meichenbaum
d. Lazarus
e. none of the above
51. Of the following cognitive techniques, which one would Beck be least likely to employ?
(p. 288-289)
a. exploring cognitive distortions
b. helping clients to replace negative imagery with more positive and successful coping scenes
c. confronting the musturbatory thinking of a client
d. encouraging clients to participate in cognitive rehearsal
e. teaching clients ways of testing hypotheses
52. According to Meichenbaum, the first step in the change process involves: (p. 296)
a. learning the A-B-C model of disputing irrational thinking.
b. learning a new dialogue.
c. observing one’s behavior and thinking patterns.
d. learning coping skills.
e. discovering insight into the cause of one’s problem.
53. The constructivist perspective in cognitive therapy holds that: (p. 300)
a. clients must accept objective reality if they hope to change.
b. there is really no difference between objective and subjective reality.
c. one’s problems are merely a product of one’s imagination.
d. there are multiple realities and a therapist’s task is to help clients appreciate how they construct
their realities and how they author their own stories.
e. we all construct irrational beliefs and must change those if we hope to find happiness.
54. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Meichenbaum’s constructivist approach to cognitive
behavior therapy? (p. 300)
a. It is more structured and more directive than standard cognitive therapy.
b. It give more emphasis to the past.
c. It tends to target deeper core beliefs.
d. It explores the behavioral impact and emotional toll a client pays for clinging to certain
metaphors.
55. Cognitive restructuring is best described as: (p. 278)
a. teaching clients to identify their irrational thoughts.
b. teaching clients to replace unhelpful thoughts with more adaptive cognitions.
c. teaching clients to reduce the frequency of their maladaptive thoughts.
d. teaching clients to think logically.
56. Cognitive behavioral therapists assist client’s in using language that: (p. 283)
a. is not self-condemning.
b. depicts the client’s thoughts in a rational and accurate manner.
c. replaces absolutes with preferences.
d. all of the above
57. Cognitive behavioral therapy group leaders: (p. 286-287)
a. believe that homework assignments outside of the group are equally as valuable as
experiences in the group.
b. use a psychoeducational approach.
c. focus on specific techniques.
d. emphasize the importance of expressing and processing emotions.
e. all but (d)
58. In working with diverse clients, CBT therapists: (p. 301)
a. are wise to refrain from disputing the client’s beliefs until the therapists fully grasps the
client’s cultural context.
b. are encouraged to be aware of the role of dependency in collectivistic cultures.
c. need not adapt their techniques as distorted thinking is a universal phenomenon.
d. both (a) and (b)
e. all of the above
59. A noteworthy strength of the cognitive behavioral approaches is: (p. 292)
a. they have strong empirical support.
b. they pay careful attention to the client’s early development.
c. they are well-suited to clients who have difficulty with abstraction.
d. They consider insight and action equally important forces in therapeutic change.
60. Regarding group counseling, CBT groups: (p. 286-287)
a. are the preferred method of many community agencies.
b. value both symptom reduction and teaching self-reliance.
c. both (a) and (b)
d. are often lengthy
e. all of the above
ANSWER KEY FOR CHAPTER 10
MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS
TRUE/FALSE TEST ITEMS
Decide if the following statements are “more true” or “more false” as applied to rational emotive behavior
therapy.
1. Ellis contends that research has shown that REBT is effective in helping all types of clients.
2. Ellis claims that his methods are applicable to individual therapy but that his approach does not work
well in group therapy.
3. REBT can be considered a form of behavior therapy.
4. Cognitive behavioral group therapy stresses the importance of homework outside of the therapy
session.
5. Ellis maintains that REBT is an eclectic form of therapy.
6. Ellis was originally trained as a psychoanalyst.
7. According to Ellis, events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is our evaluation
of these events that causes the problem.
8. REBT hypothesizes that we keep ourselves emotionally disturbed by the process of self-
indoctrination.
9. Ellis suggests that most clients attend both individual and group therapy at some point in time.
10. REBT contends that humans need the love and acceptance of significant others in order to feel
worthwhile.
11. Part of Ellis’s motivation for developing REBT was to deal with his own problems.
12. The cognitive-behavioral therapies are largely based on the idea that the reorganization of clients’
self-statements is a key to changing their behavior.
13. There is no concept in REBT that in any way agrees with Rogers’s idea of unconditional positive
regard.
14. Rational-emotive imagery involves teaching relaxation techniques.
15. REBT can be effectively employed in crisis intervention.
16. According to REBT, what is rational corresponds to a description of subjective reality.
17. Beck’s therapeutic approach focuses on specific symptoms of depressed clients and the reasons they
give for these symptoms.
18. Meichenbaum believes that our self-statements affect us much as statements made by another person
do.
19. Stress inoculation is a coping-skills approach designed to change a person’s self-statements.
20. From a cognitive perspective, depression is largely due to one’s attitudes and beliefs.
21. There is little empirical support for the application of the cognitive behavioral approach to group
counseling.
22. To varying degrees, most CBT interventions are integrated models of psychotherapy.
23. In family therapy contexts, cognitive behavior therapists are particularly interested in family
schemata.
24. According to Beck, selective abstraction is used by clients to reinforce negative schemas and support
their maladaptive core beliefs.
25. In CBT, clients and counselor jointly set the agenda for the therapy session.
ANSWER KEY FOR CHAPTER 10
TRUE/FALSE TEST QUESTIONS