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c.
Retribution
d.
Incapacitation
59. The most secure intermediate sanction is a sentence to:
a.
a DRC.
b.
house arrest.
c.
electronic monitoring.
d.
a RCC facility.
60. According to the basic principles of restorative justice, the first priority of the justice process is to:
a.
restore the community to the best degree possible.
b.
assist the victims.
c.
shame the offender.
d.
treat all offenders equally.
61. John Braithwaite argues that crime control can be better achieved through a policy of:
a.
restitution.
b.
reintegrative shaming.
c.
intensive supervision.
d.
RCC.
62. According to the basic principles of restorative justice, the second priority of the justice process is to:
a.
restore the community to the best degree possible.
b.
assist the victims.
c.
shame the offender.
d.
treat all offenders equally.
63. Which of the following is false regarding restorative justice programs?
a.
Crime is an offense against human relationships.
b.
Victims and the community are central to justice processes.
c.
The offender will develop improved competency and understanding as a result of the restorative justice
experience.
d.
Stakeholders have no place in the restorative process.
Grant was arrested for unlawful possession of a firearm, a misdemeanor in New York State. He is involved in a custody
battle with his ex-wife and he brought the gun with him to scare her into letting him see his daughter more often. They got
into a shouting match and he pulled the gun out. Grant was arrested and he pled guilty to disorderly conduct, a handgun
violation, and was given probation.
64. What is the basis of historical probation that allowed Grant to serve a punishment in the community by following
conditions of supervision?
a.
Judicial reprieve
b.
Surety
c.
Suspended sentencing
d.
Dispositions
65. Even though Grant and his ex-wife don’t see eye to eye, the likelihood that Grant will successfully complete his term
of probation is high because:
a.
he wants to see his daughter.
b.
he does not have a past criminal history.
c.
the judge will put him in jail if he doesn’t comply.
d.
he is getting counseling for his anger issues.
66. You are Grant’s probation officer and you stop by the police station to visit an officer on gun amnesty and buy back
day. You see Grant turning in a handgun and although he is indeed turning it in, it is a violation of Grant’s conditions of
probation to be in possession of a firearm. What is your best course of action?
a.
Change Grant’s probation to a suspended sentence
b.
Make Grant forfeit the money he receives from the gun amnesty program
c.
Revoke Grant’s probation on the spot and have your friend arrest him
d.
Notify Grant that his probation may be revoked and his conditions may be changed
Jaime has just pled guilty to cocaine possession. At first she claimed that the drugs weren’t hers but figured the judge
might be lenient if he knew that she had fought with cocaine addiction since she was 14 years old. Her parents are in the
public spotlight and the publicity was just too much for her to handle so she left home when she was 16, certain that she
could make it on her own. After living on the streets addicted to anything she could get her hands on, she finally went
back home to seek help from her parents who put her in rehab about 6 months ago.
67. Jaime was sentenced to a $2,000 fine, 300 hours of community service, and 2 months of intensive outpatient drug
treatment. What do you think is the most likely reason for Jaime’s sentence?
a.
There is no room in jail for another drug offender.
b.
Sentencing Jaime to a harsher punishment may embarrass her parents.
c.
An attempt to help Jaime maintain the ties that she rebuilt with her family and community.
d.
Restitution and community service is appropriate for a troubled drug offender.
68. Even though she is going to get help, Jamie feels like her sentence is a waste of time. Her probation officer asks a lot
of questions when they meet. He asks questions about her family, her living situation, her relationships with others, and of
course her triggers for using drugs. What is he doing?
a.
Post-sentence report
b.
Risk classification
c.
Intake
d.
Motivational interviewing
69. Jaime has relapsed and she knows that her probation officer is going to violate her probation but she tells him anyway,
knowing he’ll likely find out. He suggests that they try treatment again but inpatient treatment this time around. What
further conditions will Jaime be subjected to?
a.
Fines to pay for treatment
b.
Sentencing circles such as Narcotics Anonymous
c.
RCC
d.
House arrest to receive treatment
Greg is 18 years old and has a drinking problem. He dropped out of high school and doesn’t have a steady job, but rather
picks up bits and pieces of work when people are hiring for the short term. Last night he was arrested for driving while
intoxicated, but before the police stopped him Greg ran a stop sign and got into an accident. The driver of the other
vehicle is in serious but stable condition in the hospital. The biggest problem is that Greg is a repeat offender and has two
previous driving under the influence (DUIs) on his record.
70. The judge decides that Greg has used up all of his chances and decides to sentence him to a more serious punishment
but one that he can revisit at a later date. What is the judge likely to choose?
a.
Jail
b.
Split sentence
c.
Prison
d.
Decarceration
71. Part of Greg’s sentence was to pay for the damage to the car that he hit. How will he do this without a steady job?
a.
Day fines
b.
Restitution
c.
He will have to get a steady job
d.
Residential fines
72. Greg’s accident victim is out of the hospital and wants to talk about why he is allowed to cause so much pain, why he
hasn’t gotten help for his drinking and how he can move forward. What does she really want to accomplish?
a.
Restorative justice
b.
Having a say in Greg’s punishment
c.
Making Greg feel guilty
d.
Getting Greg help
73. ____________________ entails the conditional release of a convicted offender, without a jail term, into the
community under the supervision of the court, subject to certain conditions for a specified time.
74. The severity of punishment is geared to the offender’s ability to pay in ____________________.
75. A(n) ____________________ is a sentence of incarceration that is not carried out unless the offender
disobeys the rules of probation while in the community.
76. According to the ________________view, crime shares a common trait in that it brings harm to the
community in which it occurs.
77. ____________________ involves analyzing and assigning cases to a level and type of supervision on the
basis of the clients’ particular needs and the potential for harm to the community.
78. Programs such as fines and forfeiture are examples of ____________________ sanctions.
79. ____________________ is when the offender must pay the victim or community back for damages.
80. ____________________ is resentencing an offender to probation after a short prison stay.
81. ____________________ is often used along with house arrest to ensure obedience to home confinement
orders.
82. John Braithwaite’s model of restorative justice relies on the concept of ____________________ to gain
compliance and reintegrate the offender into the community.
83. In probation proceedings, _____________ is not automatic.
84. In _______________ (1984), the court ruled that the probation officer–client relationship is not confidential.
85. Probation officers view themselves as ____________________ because their goal is to help offenders adjust in the
community.
86. During the Middle Ages, _______________________ was a mandatory result of most felony convictions.
87. A ________________ is a person who was responsible for an offender’s behavior after release.
88. _______ is credited with originating community sentencing.
89. The ______________ is performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendant.
90. ___________ is a type of intermediate sanction that involves small probation caseloads and strict monitoring on a
daily/weekly basis.
91. How has the historical development of probation influenced its modern operation? How would you answer
someone who says that intensive probation is merely a return to probation as it was originally envisioned by
John Augustus?
92. Discuss the major functions performed by probation officers.
93. What is risk classification and is it an effective tool in the fight against repeat offending?
94. Discuss the factors that contribute to a person’s success or failure on probation.
95. Compare and contrast three intermediate sanctions in terms of their structure and effectiveness.
96. A number of important legal issues surround probation. Using two relevant cases to illustrate, discuss the
legal rights of probationers.
97. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of shock probation and split sentencing.
98. Describe the several ways in which IPS is used and its effectiveness.
99. Discuss the structure and the effectiveness of RCC programs.
100. Outline the main premises of restorative justice. Discuss the challenges of this model and how these
challenges may be overcome.
