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True / False
1. Probation typically involves the suspension of an offender's sentence for promise of good behavior in the
community.
a. True
b. False
2. Hot Spot probation is used in some areas and represents a team approach.
a. True
b. False
3. Judges are generally granted discretion to tailor the restrictions of a probation sentence to fit what they deem to be
the needs of the individual offender.
a. True
b. False
4. The philosophy of probation is that the average offender is not actually a dangerous criminal or a menace to
society.
a. True
b. False
5. The probation officer has little say in the planning of a probationer's treatment program.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
6. Intermediate sanctions can be scaled in severity to correspond to the seriousness of the crime.
a. True
b. False
7. Programs such as house arrest and restitution are examples of community parole.
a. True
b. False
8. Restitution ranks lower than probation on the punishment ladder.
a. True
b. False
9. Intensive probation supervision has been proven effective at reducing re-offending rates.
a. True
b. False
10. Somejurisdictionshaveinstitutedrestorativejusticeprogramscalled“sentencingcircles”asaformofdiversion
from the court process.
a. True
b. False
11. Split sentencing involves turning part of the justice process into a healing process rather than just a distributor of
revenge and punishment.
a. True
b. False
12. Electronicmonitoringsystemshavetheabilitytolimitoffender’smovementstoappropriateareas.
a. True
b. False
13. The biggest problem with intensive supervision probation is high failure rates.
a. True
b. False
14. Restorative justice programs have been implemented in police departments when the police first encounter a crime.
a. True
b. False
15. Missouri and Vermont were the second and third states authorizing appointment of paid probation officers.
a. True
b. False
Multiple Choice
16. What common-law practice allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted offenders could seek a
pardon, gather new evidence, or demonstrate that they had reformed their behavior?
a. Judicial reprieve b. Recognizance
c. Probation d. The wergild
17. Probation sentences involve;
a. A contract between the prison and the offender where they are released early
b. Rules or conditions mandated by the prison
c. A deserving suspect
d. A deserving defendant
18. What modern concept is attributed to the 19th century volunteer work of John Augustus?
a. Prison b. Parole
c. Jail d. Probation
19. For misdemeanors, probation usually extends for the entire period of a would-be jail sentence, whereas felonies
are more likely to warrant probationary periods that are ________________ the suspended prison sentence.
a. slightly longer than
b. actually shorter than
c. extremely longer than
d. felonies are not eligible for probationary periods
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
20. What entity initially sets down the conditions or rules of behavior that must be followed by the probationer?
a. The court b. The correctional authority
c. The victim's assistance office d. A private, third party contractor
21. Which state was the first to authorize the appointment of a paid probation officer?
a. Alaska b. Texas
c. Connecticut d. Massachusetts
22. ____ refers to the process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of
formal criminal proceedings.
a. Intake b. Pre-sentence investigation
c. Diagnosis d. Adjudication
23. The ____ is conducted primarily to gain information for judicial sentences.
a. intake b. pre-sentence investigation
c. diagnosis d. adjudication
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
24. What happens when probation is revoked?
a. The probation contract is terminated and the original sentence is imposed
b. The judgment is deferred until such time as the defendant is rehabilitated
c. The suspended sentence is held in abeyance and the defendant is subject to mandatory participation in a
pretrial diversion program
d. The probation contract is extended and a prison term is imposed
25. Which duty involves evaluating the probationer based on information from the initial intake or presentence
investigation?
a. Investigation b. Intake
c. Diagnosis d. Treatment supervision
26. Which of the following is not a landmark Supreme Court case that deals with the legal rights of probationers?
a. United States v. Weeks b. Minnesota v. Murphy
c. Griffin v. Wisconsin d. United Sates v. Knights
27. In ____, the Court ruled that the probation officer/client relationship is not confidential.
a. United States v. Weeks b. Minnesota v. Murphy
c. Griffin v. Wisconsin d. United Sates v. Knights
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
28. In ____, the Supreme Court held that a probationer's home may be searched without a warrant on the grounds
that probation departments "must respond quickly to evidence of misconduct."
a. United States v. Weeks b. Minnesota v. Murphy
c. Griffin v. Wisconsin d. United Sates v. Knights
29. This therapy assumes that most people can become conscious of their own thoughts and behaviors and then make
positive changes.
a. Cognitive behavioral therapy b. Motivational suspicions
c. Youth finding boundaries d. All of the above
30. National data indicate that approximately ____ percent of probationers successfully complete their probationary
sentence.
a. 20 b. 40
c. 60 d. 80
31. Which of the following individuals is most likely to succeed on probation?
a. A young unemployed male
b. A single female without a high school diploma
c. A single male with a prior criminal record
d. A married female with a part-time job
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
32. Many scholars argue that probation will continue to be the sentence of choice in both felony and misdemeanor
cases because it:
a. controls for recidivism better than other intermediate sanctions.
b. holds the promise of great financial savings.
c. best fulfills the promise of rehabilitation.
d. is justified in the ladder of punishment as a just-desert sanction based on the severity of the criminal act.
33. Which of the following is not a form of intermediate sanction?
a. Intensive probation supervision b. House arrest
c. Residential community corrections d. Sentencing circles
34. What is the least punitive alternative on the punishment ladder?
a. Forfeiture b. Pretrial release
c. Fines d. Restitution
35. What is the most punitive alternative on the punishment ladder?
a. Residential community center b. Pretrial release
c. Restitution d. House arrest
36. What type of fine is geared to the offender's net daily income?
a. Social security fines b. Tax fines
c. Brevity fines d. Day fines
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
37. What did the Court rule in Tate v. Short?
a. Incarcerating a person who is financially unable to pay a fine discriminates against the poor.
b. All criminal defendants, regardless of financial situation, may be fined and incarcerated if unable to pay the
fine.
c. Offenders must be offered a community service alternative to fine payment.
d. Most fines were imposed in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner that violates constitutional rights
38. Which of the following is considered to be a federal forfeiture program?
a. DRC programs
b. The RICO Act
c. The Organized Crime and Antidrug Act
d. RCC centers
39. What is the term associated with the strict interpretation of forfeiture statutes that produces property confiscations
for even minor drug violations?
a. Zero tolerance b. RICO raiding
c. Shock forfeiture d. Day fines
40. Community service is an example of what?
a. Forfeiture b. Shock incarceration
c. Restitution d. Intensive probation supervision
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
41. Resentencing an offender to probation after a short prison stay is termed:
a. shock probation. b. intensive probation supervision.
c. split sentencing. d. residential community corrections.
42. Which intermediate sanction makes a jail term a condition of probation?
a. Shock probation b. Intensive probation supervision
c. Split sentencing d. Residential community corrections
43. Which of the following is the primary goal of Intensive Probation Services (IPS)?
a. Decarceration b. Rehabilitation
c. Retribution d. Incapacitation
44. According to the basic principles of restorative justice, the first priority of the justice process is to:
a. restore the community to the degree possible.
b. assist the victim(s).
c. shame the offender.
d. treat all offenders equally.
45. John Braithwaite argues that crime control can be better achieved through a policy of:
a. restitution. b. reintegrative shaming.
c. intensive supervision. d. residential community corrections.
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
Grant was arrested for unlawful possession of a firearm, a misdemeanor in New York State. He is involved in a
custody battle with his ex-wife and he brought the gun with him to scare her into letting him see his daughter more.
They got into a shouting match and he pulled the gun out. Grant was arrested and he pled guilty to disorderly
conduct, a handgun violation, and was given probation.
46. If you were the sentencing judge, what condition of probation would you give Grant?
a. don’tgonearyourexwife
b. go to drug treatment
c. only supervised visits with your daughter
d. no possession of guns
47. What is the basis of historical probation that allowed Grant to serve a punishment in the community by following
conditions of supervision?
a. judicial reprieve
b. surety
c. suspended sentencing
d. dispositions
48. EventhoughGrantandhisexwifedon’tseeeyetoeye,thelikelihoodthatGrantwillsuccessfullycompletehisterm
of probation is high because:
a. he wants to see his daughter
b. he does not have a past criminal history
c. thejudgewillputhiminjailifhedoesn’tcomply
d. he is getting counseling for his anger issues
Chapter 10 : Community Sentences
