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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Escobedo v. Illinois was the U.S. Supreme Court case that applied the exclusionary rule to all states in the United
States.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) held that Dred Scott could sue in court for his freedom because he was a citizen and not
a piece of property.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Early American police were responsible for cleaning streets, inspecting boilers, caring for the poor and homeless,
operating emergency ambulances, and performing other social services, in addition to their law enforcement duties.
a.
True
b.
False
4. The word police is derived from the Latin word politia, which means “civil administration.”
a.
True
b.
False
5. The Bow Street Runners were founded by Sir Robert Peel.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Early in the first decade of the 2000s, police nationwide adopted technology and data-mining, which resulted in crime
reductions nationwide.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The concept of the sheriff can be traced back to the Praetorian Guard.
a.
True
b.
False
8. John Edgar Hoover is known as the father of American policing.
a.
True
b.
False
9. During ninth-century England, the system of mutual pledge was employed as a strategy for maintaining stability and
providing a method for people living in villages to protect one another.
a.
True
b.
False
10. The first state police agency was the Texas Rangers.
a.
True
b.
False
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11. London’s first large-scale, civil police department consisted of more than 4,000 men.
a.
True
b.
False
12. By the seventeenth century, the northern colonies started to institute a civil law enforcement system that closely
replicated the Greek model.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The man who is credited with establishing London’s first large-scale, civil police department in 1829 is Sir Robert
Peel.
a.
True
b.
False
14. The U.S. Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), which desegregated schools all over
the nation, created equal treatment of the races virtually overnight.
a.
True
b.
False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
15. In what northern city was the first organized American police force established during the 1800s?
a.
Boston
b.
New York City
c.
Philadelphia
d.
Chicago
16. He was the director of the FBI from 1924 until his death in 1972.
a.
Tom Ridge
b.
J. Edgar Hoover
c.
Robert Gray
d.
O. W. Wilson
17. What piece of legislation made it a crime NOT to assist the night watch?
a.
Posse Comitatus Act of 1879
b.
Federal Judiciary Act of 1789
c.
Statute of Winchester
d.
Volstead Act
18. What U.S. Supreme Court decision held that a black slave could not sue in court for his freedom because he
was a piece of property, not a citizen?
a.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
b.
Mapp v. Ohio
c.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
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d.
Mabury v. Madison
19. In 1285, the Statute of Winchester established which of the following rudimentary aspects of a criminal
justice system?
a.
The watch and ward
b.
The parish constable
c.
The requirement that all males keep weapons in their homes for use in maintaining the public peace
d.
All of the above
20. Where did modern style police departments first begin to appear in the fourteenth century?
a.
England
b.
Greece
c.
Italy
d.
France
21. The first state police agency was the ___________.
a.
Arizona Rangers
b.
Massachusetts Staties
c.
Texas Rangers
d.
Nevada Posse
22. Which U.S. Supreme Court case defined the constitutional right to counsel at police interrogation?
a.
Mapp v. Ohio
b.
Miranda v. Arizona
c.
Escobedo v. Illinois
d.
Brown v. Mississippi
23. In 1857, which Republican-controlled state police force took over the existing Democrat-controlled police
force in New York City?
a.
The Municipal Police
b.
The Metropolitan Police
c.
Federal Marshals
d.
State Troopers
24. What law established National Prohibition in 1920?
a.
Olmstead Act
b.
Homestead Act
c.
Volstead Act
d.
Federal Judiciary Act
25. What modern era tool did William J. Bratton use to completely reengineer the New York City Police
Department to make reducing crime its primary objective?
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a.
SWAT
b.
use of helicopters
c.
CompStat
d.
community policing
26. In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement.
This commission was known as the ___________.
a.
Wickersham Commission
b.
Kefauver Commission
c.
Crime Commission
d.
Kerner Commission
27. On what societal issue did the U.S. Supreme Court focus during the 1960s?
a.
expanding governmental authority
b.
police rights
c.
individual rights
d.
corporate rights
28. Which then-Massachusetts governor fired all of the striking police officers during a Boston police strike and
later became president of the United States?
a.
Calvin Coolidge
b.
Woodrow Wilson
c.
Theodore Roosevelt
d.
Ronald Reagan
29. The Latin term posse comitatus, a law which sheriffs and marshals called upon in the late 1700s, means
___________.
a.
“civil administration”
b.
“the power of the county”
c.
“one man rule”
d.
“justice at all costs”
30. The duties of the ________ included lighting street lamps, clearing garbage from the streets, and putting out
fires.
a.
thief-takers
b.
watchmen
c.
shire-reeve
d.
magistrates
31. According to historians, what two southern U.S. states were the first to create slaves codes and, thus, an
early form of patrolling?
a.
North Carolina and Georgia
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b.
Mississippi and Alabama
c.
South Carolina and Tennessee
d.
Maryland and Virginia
32. What piece of legislation gives law enforcement the ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their
pursuit of possible terrorists?
a.
Posse Comitatus Act
b.
USA Patriot Act
c.
Statute of Winchester
d.
Volstead Act
33. Which of the following people is considered to be the father of modern American policing?
a.
August Vollmer
b.
Robert Peel
c.
O.W. Wilson
d.
John S. Dempsey
34. What New York City police officer shared his tales of corruption with the New York Times, which resulted
in the Knapp Commission?
a.
David Owens
b.
Whitman Knapp
c.
Frank Serpico
d.
Julius LaRosa
35. Which one of the following figures created practices that started to professionalize the U.S. police, including
incorporating university education as a part of police training?
a.
August Vollmer
b.
O. W. Wilson
c.
Raymond Blaine Fosdick
d.
J. Edgar Hoover
36. In 1991, what Los Angeles incident inflamed police-community relations?
a.
Charles Manson’s arrest
b.
The L.A. shootout
c.
The reinstatement of the death penalty
d.
The Rodney King beating
37. The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 created the ___________.
a.
bobbies
b.
office of the U.S. marshal
c.
FBI
d.
New York City Police Department
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38. What criminal justice scholar published the 1920 book, American Police Systems, which studied the police
of 72 American cities?
a.
Bruce Smith
b.
O. W. Wilson
c.
Raymond Blaine Fosdick
d.
Estes Kefauver
39. What private policing agency thwarted the alleged “Baltimore Plot” to assassinate president-elect Abraham
Lincoln shortly before the Civil War?
a.
The Pinkerton Agency.
b.
The Rocky Mountain Detective Association
c.
Wells Fargo and Company.
d.
The Texas Rangers
40. Within the King Alfred-established a system of society, citizens were expected to assist other citizens who
were yelling for help. This was known as ___________.
a.
hue and cry
b.
watch and ward
c.
mutual pledge
d.
thief-take
41. Historians and scholars indicate that __________ in the American South were the precursor to modern
highway patrols.
a.
Praetorian Guard
b.
Vigiles
c.
thief-takers
d.
slave patrols
42. Who formed the Bow Street Runners?
a.
Henry Fielding
b.
Sir Robert Peel
c.
Patrick Colquhoun
d.
Colonel Charles Rowan
43. The police represent the __________ power of government..
a.
civil
b.
administrative
c.
political
d.
military
44. In the latter part of the ninth century, England’s King Alfred the Great established a form of community
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self-protection known as ___________.
a.
Vigiles
b.
hue and cry
c.
shire-reeve
d.
mutual pledge
45. Today, persons who are in police custody and set to be interrogated must be advised of their constitutional
rights. What U.S. Supreme Court case set this precedent?
a.
Mapp v. Ohio
b.
Brown v. Mississippi
c.
Escobedo v. Illinois
d.
Miranda v. Arizona
46. The Metropolitan Police was organized around the _____________, in which officers were assigned to
relatively small permanent posts and were expected to become familiar with the area and the people residing
there— making the officer a part of neighborhood life.
a.
Watch and ward
b.
Neighborhood
c.
Beat system
d.
Judicial system
47. With regard to early policing in England, what is Patrick Colquhoun known for?
a.
Founding the Bow Street Runners
b.
Creating the Metropolitan Police
c.
Establishing the Marine Police
d.
Establishing the first sheriffs
48. O. W. Wilson is noted historically for what contribution to modern policing?
a.
Creating an internal police corruption task force
b.
Creating the first professional police society, the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
c.
Developing modern management and administrative techniques
d.
Conducting the first national study of the U.S. criminal justice system
49. In seventeenth-century England, ___________ were assistants to the constables and walked the streets
removing vagrants.
a.
beadles
b.
deputies
c.
marshals
d.
roamers
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
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50. __________ was the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from its inception in 1924 until his death in 1972.
51. Roman Emperor Augustus appointed the ________ to protect the palace and the emperor.
52. __________ is the computer-based management program that many say was responsible for New York City’s drop in
crime in the mid- to late-1990s.
53. The landmark Supreme Court case of _____________________desegregated schools all over the nation and ended the
legal segregation of races in the United States.
54. O. W. Wilson is the author of the classic text on policing entitled ________.
55. The first specialized investigative unit in Rome was called __________, which means “trackers of murder.”
56. According to researcher Sally E. Hadden, the state of _______ developed specific rules, guidelines, and duties for the
slave patrols, which were in effect until the Civil War.
57. __________ was a form of societal control where citizens grouped together to protect each other.
58. During England’s era of King Alfred the Great, a ________ consisted of 10 families grouped together to protect one
another and assume responsibility for the acts of the group’s members.
59. __________ established the first large-scale, uniformed, paid, civil police force in London.
60. A rudimentary form of metropolitan policing called the __________ required all men in a given town to serve on the
night watch. They were expected to patrol the streets and perform duties such as light street lamps, clear garbage, put out
fires, and, of course, enforce criminal law.
61. The _____________ was precipitated when a white, off-duty, New York City police lieutenant shot an African-
American youth who was threatening a building superintendent with a knife.
62. Describe the social climate of the United States in the1960s, the public perception of police at the time, and the effects
of key Supreme Court decisions at that time on American policing.
63. Discuss how the English police experience influenced American policing and the criminal justice system during the
colonial period and the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries . Provide specific examples.
64. What is the CompStat process and how did it affect policing?
65. Explain how the evolution of the slave patrols in the 1700s marked the first advances in American policing.
66. How did technological advances change the police officer’s role in the nineteenth century?
67. Compare and contrast policing before the creation of the London Metropolitan Police and policing today.
68. Reflect on the development of the Black Lives Matter movement and its affect on policing.
69. Explain why the Wickersham Commission was created and summarize its recommendations for policing.
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70. Explain the significance of the creation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration and its impact on policing
in the United States.
71. Summarize the changes that occurred in law enforcement following the terrorist attacks on 9/11.
72. Compare and contrast the colonial northern watch with the southern slave patrols.
73. Are Peel’s Nine Principles relevant to policing today? Why or why not?
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Answer Key
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