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Te s t I t e m s f o r Case Approach
to Counseling and
Psychotherapy
Chapter 1- Introduction and Overview
1. Which of the following therapeutic approaches most places emphasis on an individual’s competencies, avoiding
defining a client by a problem, establishing a collaborative relationship where the client is the senior partner, and
focusing on a client’s strengths and resources?
a. cognitive behavior therapy
b. postmodern approaches
c. reality therapy
d. behavior therapy
e. psychoanalytic therapy
2. In what theoretical orientation is the therapist’s job to confront clients with the restricted life they have chosen
and to help them become aware of their own part in creating this condition?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. existential therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. reality therapy
3. Which of the following is not an aspect of Adlerian therapy:
a. People are primarily social beings.
b. Human nature is creative, active, and decisional.
c. Feelings of inferiority from childhood lead us to develop a style of life in which we become the master of our
fate.
d. All people react out of the social unconscious.
e. Clients are not “sick” nor are they needing to be “cured”.
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4. Which theory views people as being significantly influenced by unconscious motivation, conflicts between
impulses and prohibitions, defense mechanisms, and early childhood experiences?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. existential therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. reality therapy
5. Which theory operates on the premises that all relationship problems are in the present and must be solved in the
present, and that once the significant relationship is improved, the troubling symptom will disappear?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. existential therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. reality therapy
6. ____________ assumes that people are basically shaped by learning and sociocultural conditioning.
a. existential therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. narrative therapy
7. The assumption that we have the capacity to understand our problems, we have the resources within us to resolve
them and that clients can move toward growth and wholeness by looking within is central to:
a. feminist therapy.
b. person-centered therapy.
c. Gestalt therapy.
d. existential therapy.
e. Adlerian therapy.
8. Which theory states that the therapist’s task is to support the client as they explore their present experience
through an awareness of their internal (intrapersonal) world and the external environment?
a. feminist therapy
b. person-centered therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. existential therapy
e. reality therapy
9. Which theory assumes that people are prone to learning erroneous, self-defeating thoughts that perpetuate their
difficulties and that these thoughts can be corrected to create a more fulfilling life?
a. reality therapy
b. behavioral therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. cognitive behavioral therapy
e. existential therapy
10. A basic assumption of ___________________ is that power inequalities and gender-role expectations influence
individuals from a very early age.
a. reality therapy
b. feminist therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. existential therapy
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11. Which therapy encourages clients to talk about the exceptions to a problem they are experiencing?
a. person-centered therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. solution-focused therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
12. Which theory(ies) is (are) least likely to use assessment and diagnosis in the therapeutic process?
a. person-centered therapy
b narrative therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. both (a) and (b)
13. ________ consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client’s life to identify themes for further exploration in
therapy, whereas ________ consists of identifying a specific category of psychological problem based on a
pattern of symptoms.
a. Diagnosis, assessment
b. Life evaluation, assessment
c. Assessment, life evaluation
d. Assessment, diagnosis
e. none of the above
14. Which examination focuses on areas such as appearance, behavior, feeling, perception, and thinking, and is used
to screen for psychosis?
a. mental-status examination
b. the SAT
c. the Myers Briggs Type Indicator
d. the Rorschach
e. the WISC
15. In working within a multicultural framework, what is especially important?
a. making a diagnosis and formulating a treatment plan
b. assisting the client in adapting to your theoretical orientation
c. using techniques flexibly
d. using appropriate referrals if the client is different than you
16. Although it is not bound by prescribed techniques, this theoretical perspective focuses on developing social
interest, providing encouragement, and facilitating insight into client’s mistaken ideas and their personal assets.
a. feminist therapy
b. behavioral therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. cognitive behavioral therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
17. ___________________ have as main assumptions that people: are competent and healthy, have the capacity to
find their own solutions to the difficulties they face; and that the client is the expert on his or her own life.
a. Psychoanalytic approaches
b. Behavior therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. Postmodern approaches
e. Rational emotive behavior therapy
18. Which theoretical perspective is active, directive and didactic, assisting clients in making plans to change specific
behaviors that they determine are not working for them?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. reality therapy
c. existential therapy
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d. person-centered therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
19. Which theoretical perspective is most likely to use techniques such as reframing and relabeling, bibliotherapy,
advocacy, power intervention, social action, and gender-role analysis and intervention?
a. cognitive behavioral therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. feminist therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
20. Which theoretical perspective places primary emphasis on the client/therapist relationship and uses few
techniques other than active listening, reflection, and clarification?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. reality therapy
c. existential therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
21. According to the DSM-IV-TR, the category that accounts for a client’s psychosocial and environmental problems
is:
a. Axis I
b. Axis II
c. Axis III
d. Axis IV
e. Axis V
Chapter 1