CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
Multiple Choice
1. The term used to describe the study of the causes and correlates of crime in two or
more cultures is:
A. Comparative Criminal Justice
B. Comparative Criminology
C. Transnational Criminal Justice
D. Criminal Justice System
2. International crimes are based on all of the following, except:
A. International agreements between countries
B. Legal precedents
C. Identified by nations as acts that are illegal everywhere
D. Identified as having to involve more than one country
3. Which of the following is not an example of a transnational crime?
A. Drug Trafficking
B. Money Laundering
C. Genocide
D. Human Trafficking
4. How is a transnational crime different from an international crime?
A. Transnational crimes always involve more than one country
B. International crimes always involve more than one country
C. Transnational crimes are always tried in the International Criminal Court
D. International crimes always occur at border crossings
5. Which agency or organization is the research, development and evaluation agency
of the U.S. Department of Justice?
A. World Health Organization (WHO)
B. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
C. The International Crime Victim Surveys (ICVS)
D. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
6. The term used to describe the idea that the world has become interdependent in
terms of the events and actions of people and governments around the world is:
A. Ethnocentrism
B. Transnational Crime
C. Globalization
D. Critical Thinking
7. The sale, distribution, or large-scale possession of property obtained in violation
of the law is:
A. Counterfeiting
B. Cybercrime or fraud
C. Trafficking in stolen property
D. Commercialized vice
8. The single thing needed most for solving the problems of transnational crime and
justice is:
A. Global Cooperation
B. Corruption
C. Money
D. Legislation
9. Which of the following has not contributed to the increase in transnational crime?
A. Ease of Travel
B. Technological advances
C. Globalization
D. Ethnocentrism
10. Arrangements for the administration of justice within countries:
A. Develops very quickly in response to solely political agendas
B. Develops over the course of centuries in response to local needs and
historical events
C. Develop very slowly in response to solely political agendas
D. Are not at all shaped by social and economic forces
11. Why were the six “model” nations selected for highlighting in the textbook?
A. They reflect particular historical families of law and political frameworks
B. They are generally recognized to have superior systems of criminal justice
C. They were the countries for which the most information was available.
D. You mean there’s a textbook required in this course?
12. The term “culture” in this course refers to:
A. The level of sophistication of a country
B. Deep-seated patterns of thought and behavior that developed over time
C. The role of women and minorities in a society
D. The spread of bacteria in a particular geographic area
13. Politicized justice refers to a situation where:
A. Politicians are placed in charge of the criminal justice system
B. Justice occurs only for those holding political office
C. The criminal justice system focuses on political crimes
D. The criminal justice system is perverted to achieve particular political ends
14. England is an example of which type of Legal Tradition:
A. Common Law
B. Civil Law
C. Sacred Law
D. Socialist Law
15. France is an example of which type of Legal Tradition:
A. Common Law
B. Civil Law
C. Sacred Law
D. Socialist Law
1. ______________________ offers a systematic method to examine the strengths
and weaknesses of different approaches to crime, law, and justice around the
world.
2. ______________________ have been coined as “crimes against the peace and
security of mankind.”
3. Transnational crimes offenses whose ___________, __________ and
___________ involve more than one country.
4. Comparative Criminal Justice can trace its origin back to _________________
and to a man some consider to have been the first criminologist, _____________.
5. The mission of the _____________________ is to stimulate and facilitate
research and evaluation on transnational crime and justice issues.
6. Critical thinking involves ______________ mental activity.
7. _______________ is the process by which the world has become interdependent
of events and actions of people and governments around the world.
8. The Japanese give some of the credit for their low crime rates to their
______________________.
9. _________________________ is an idea that was cultivated by many victims’
rights advocates in the United States, but it has roots in the justice practices of
many indigenous cultures.
10. ____________ is a problem because it can lead to crime within and across
borders, as well as discrimination, oppression, or violent ethnic based conflicts.
11. A ___________ __________ is defined as an internationally recognized unit of
political authority over a given territory.
12. “Equal justice under the law” is an example of a _________value.
13. ______________ values are those that are not openly proclaimed, but that
nevertheless govern actions within the criminal justice system.
14. Saudi Arabia adheres to the ___________ law tradition.
15. Administration of Justice is a _____________ function, and therefore reflects the
_______________ culture of a nation.
True/False
1. Comparative Criminal Justice investigates and evaluates a national system of
justice in terms of other countries, cultures, or institutions.
2. The terms, “International Crime” and “Transnational Crime” can be used
interchangeably.
3. Torture and enslavement of populations are examples of Transnational Crimes.
4. There may be some overlap between Transnational Crimes, because a few crimes
can sometimes be placed in both categories.
5. Comparative Criminal Justice applies the comparative methodologies used in law
and political science to the social sciences of sociology and criminal justice.
6. It is rare for countries to borrow and adapt policies and practices from other
countries.
7. Japan has not had much success with community policing.
8. Innovations in communication, ease of worldwide travel and growth in
technology have played a part in fueling globalization.
9. Technological growth and computers have allowed criminals to utilize the same
systems to further their criminal activity that legitimate businesses use.
10. Social and economic forces are extremely important in shaping attitudes and
developments related to Administration of Justice, and they are often tied to
historical and political events.
11. Independent states and Sovereign States are the same thing.
12. Disguising funds obtained from illegal activity, using banks or businesses
to make it appear as lawful income, is called money laundering.
13. Professed values are those that are proclaimed as values by the participants in the
system.
14. Technology is the term used to describe how the world has become
interdependent, in terms of the events and actions of people and
governments around the world.
15. Japan follows the Sacred Law Tradition.
Short Answer Questions
1. What are three reasons we should compare systems of, and issues in criminal
justice?
2. What is meant by “globalization”? How has it affected crime and criminal j
justice?
3. Discuss the difference between International and Transnational Crimes. Give an
example of each.
4. List the (6) model countries and indicate which legal tradition each model country
follows. Discuss why Japan does not fit into only one of these legal traditions.
Essay Questions/Student Activities
1. Explain why critical thinking is important and explain the three step process
involved in Critical Thinking discussed in the text.
2. Explain the difference between “professed values” and “underlying values,” as
related to criminal justice systems and provide examples of each. How could they
come into conflict with each other?
3. Why is it meaningful to approach Comparative Criminal Justice from a historical-
political perspective?