True / False
1. Crime is higher today than it was in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
a. True
b. False
2. Of the components in the Criminal Justice System, usually the correctional component comes before the other two
components
a. True
b. False
3. Criminal justice is defined as the system of law enforcement, adjudication, and correction that is directly involved
in the apprehension, prosecution, and control of those charged with criminal offenses.
a. True
b. False
4. The contemporary criminal justice system is society’s instrument of formal social control.
a. True
b. False
5. Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal justice system.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
6. Police officers can arrest someone if they have a “gut feeling” that the person is guilty of a criminal offense.
a. True
b. False
7. Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer (Level 4) of the criminal justice system wedding cake.
a. True
b. False
8. The crime control perspective views the justice system as a means of caring for and treating people who cannot
manage themselves.
a. True
b. False
9. Non-Interventionists support the placement of first time offenders who commit minor crimes in informal
community based treatment programs
a. True
b. False
10. The Criminal Justice system employs more people than are under correctional supervision in the US
a. True
b. False
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
11. The creation of the Chicago Crime Commission in 1919 was the first time the work of the criminal justice system
was recognized.
a. True
b. False
12. Appointed by President Herbert Hoover, the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement is
commonly known today as The Crime Commission.
a. True
b. False
13. Today, State and Federal Courts convict a combined total of over 5 million adults a year on felony charges.
a. True
b. False
14. Defendants who do not show up for trial forfeit their bail.
a. True
b. False
15. A courtroom work group is made up of a prosecutor and defense attorney and helps to streamline the process of
justice through the extensive use of deal making and plea bargaining.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
Multiple Choice
16. As a result of an increase in violent behavior during the 19th Century in America, early Criminal Justice agencies;
a. Rarely worked together in a systematic fashion
b. Worked together to create a seamless process of arrest and punishment
c. Appointed President Lyndon Johnson to the Wickersham Commission
d. Were primarily created in Washington D.C and Virginia
17. Which of the following statements is true?
a. From 1900 to 1935, the U.S. experienced a sustained increase in criminal activity.
b. Organized gangs flourished in the largest cities of the U.S. in the early 1900s.
c. The first criminal gangs formed before the Civil War in urban slums.
d. All of the above statements are true.
18. What commission, appointed by President Herbert Hoover, made a detailed analysis of the U.S. justice system
and helped usher in the era of treatment and rehabilitation?
a. Chicago Crime Commission
b. American Bar Foundation Commission
c. Wickersham Commission
d. President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
19. The use of the term “criminal justice system” reflected a view that justice agencies could be connected in an
intricate yet often unobserved network of decision-making processes. When was the term “criminal justice
system” first used?
a. After the findings of the Chicago Crime Commission
b. After the findings of the American Bar Foundation project
c. After the findings of the Wickersham Commission
d. After the findings of the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
20. In the 1950s, the American Bar Foundation project discovered that:
a. Most citizens were fearful of the police.
b. Racial profiling was a serious problem.
c. Most crime was not reported to the police.
d. The justice system kept many procedures hidden from the public.
21. The contemporary criminal justice system can be divided into three main components:
a. Law enforcement, the courts, and the legislature.
b. The courts, the correctional system, and the legislature.
c. Law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system.
d. Law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislature.
22. The corrections system is vast and costs federal, state, and local governments:
a. About $70 billion per year. b. About $115 billion per year.
c. About $165 billion per year. d. About $215 billion per year.
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
23. The exercise of power is granted to those who control the criminal justice system. In policing they are given the
power to;
a. charge b. punish
c. use force, when necessary d. sentence
24. What is known about the correctional population in the United States over the past decade?
a. The correctional population has been consistently decreasing with 7 million people currently under the
control of the correctional system.
b. The correctional population has been consistently increasing with 7 million people currently under the
control of the correctional system.
c. The correctional population has fluctuated widely over the years with 7 million people currently under the
control of the correctional system.
d. The correctional population has remained steadily constant with 7 million people currently under the control
of the correctional system.
25. Criminal justice can be viewed as a process that takes an offender through a series of decision points, beginning
with arrest and concluding with reentry. Which of the following is an extralegal factor that critics argue may be
involved in this process?
a. Offender’s race b. Offender’s prior record
c. Seriousness of offense d. Available evidence
26. Discretion by police officers occurs during the first four stages of the criminal justice process. In order, what are
those stages?
a. Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody
b. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging
c. Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody
d. Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
27. In the formal criminal justice process all defendants must go through which stage to ensure proper
sentencing/punishment/dismissal/closure?
a. Arraignment b. Criminal trial
c. Grand jury hearing d. Bail hearing
28. If the prosecution can present sufficient evidence, the grand jury will issue a(n) ____, which specifies the exact
charges on which the accused must stand trial.
a. true bill of indictment b. information
c. charging bill d. nolle prosequi
29. At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea of guilty or not guilty?
a. Arraignment b. Criminal trial
c. Preliminary hearing d. Bail hearing
30. Almost ____ percent of all cases end in a plea bargain, rather than a criminal trial.
a. 60 b. 70
c. 80 d. 90
31. Which courts review whether the judge conducted the trial in an approved manner?
a. Magistrate courts
b. Special courts
c. Appellate courts
d. There is no court to review the conduct of the judge during trial.
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
32. Approximately ____ percent of the people arrested on felony charges are eventually convicted in criminal court?
a. 30 b. 40
c. 50 d. 60
33. For every 1000 crimes, approximately ____ people are sent to prison.
a. 20 b. 40
c. 60 d. 80
34. Which of the following crimes would be placed in the top layer (layer 1) of the criminal justice “wedding cake”?
a. A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard.
b. A burglary occurs at a local tavern.
c. An individual is arrested for public drunkenness.
d. A first time offender assaults a friend.
35. According to this justice perspective, the proper role of the justice system is to prevent crime through the judicious
use of criminal sanctions. It demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the
law.
a. Crime control b. Rehabilitation
c. Due process d. Equal justice
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
36. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Crime control advocates call for harsh punishment as a deterrent to crime.
b. Crime control advocates do not want legal technicalities to help the guilty go free and tie the hands of
justice.
c. Crime control advocates argue the more efficient the system, the greater its effectiveness.
d. Crime control advocates do not question the criminal justice system’s ability to rehabilitate offenders.
37. According to this justice perspective, the justice system serves as a mechanism of caring for and treating people
who cannot manage themselves. It assumes people are at the mercy of social, economic, and interpersonal
conditions.
a. Crime control b. Rehabilitation
c. Due process d. Equal justice
38. Adherents of this justice perspective believe that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair
and equitable treatment to those accused of committing a crime.
a. Crime control b. Rehabilitation
c. Due process d. Equal justice
39. Proponents of this justice perspective are concerned about the effect of the stigma that criminal suspects bear
when they are given negative labels such as “rapist” or “child molester.” They believe that justice agencies should
limit their involvement with criminal defendants.
a. Rehabilitation b. Nonintervention
c. Equal justice d. Restorative justice
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
40. Which justice perspective advocates mediation rather than coercive punishment?
a. Rehabilitation b. Nonintervention
c. Equal justice d. Restorative justice
41. If you believe that procedural fairness, civil rights, and the rule of law are inviolate principles, which justice
perspective do you favor?
a. Crime control b. Due process
c. Equal justice d. Rehabilitation
42. According to Non-Interventionists, the efforts to treat offenders may lead to further stigmata beyond the scope of
the original offense is called?
a. Deinstitutionalization b. Nolo Presequi
c. Victimless crime d. Widening the Net of Justice
43. Advocates of this justice perspective point out that the justice system remains an adversarial process that pits the
forces of the state against those of a solitary individual accused of a crime.
a. Crime control b. Due process
c. Nonintervention d. Rehabilitation
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice
44. Ethical issues transcend all elements of the justice system. Why are ethical standards so important in criminal
justice?
a. Without ethical decision making, it is possible that individual civil rights and liberties will suffer.
b. Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens’ most personal information, raising concerns of
privacy and confidentiality.
c. Justice system personnel may work in an environment where moral ambiguity is widespread.
d. Ethical standards are important in the justice system for all these reasons.
45. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Ethical issues transcend all elements of the criminal justice system.
b. It is often difficult to determine what is fair and just and balance this concern with the needs of the public.
c. Ethical issues stop with the arrest of a suspect.
d. Ethical behavior is important in law enforcement because officers have the authority to deprive individuals of
their liberty.
Jessica has been in trouble with the law for as long as she can remember. Her first crime was shoplifting a candy
bar from the drugstore. Since then she has moved on to more substantial shoplifting and stealing. She is currently on
probation and is paying restitution to a victim for a previous theft. Now Jessica just been arrested for home invasion
and robbery.
46. AsJessicarecallsherpasthistoryofstealingandtheft,sherealizesthatherparentsweren’taroundverymuchand
she doesn’t remember regularly attending school. Parents and school represent what aspect when discussing criminal
behavior?
a. formal social control
b. informal social control
c. legal and immoral control
d. illegal and moral control
Chapter 01 : Crime and Criminal Justice