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True / False
1. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), there are about 500 justified fatal police shootings each year.
This number is an increase from 5 years ago.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Crime is higher today than it was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) continues to provide grants to local and state justice agencies
to fund criminal justice activities.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Of the components in the Criminal Justice System, usually the correctional component comes before the other
two components.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The police department was created in the United States; the first formed in Philadelphia after the Civil War.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The contemporary criminal justice system is society’s instrument of formal social control.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal justice system.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Police officers can arrest someone if they have a “gut feeling” that the person is guilty of a criminal offense.
a.
True
b.
False
9. In a probable cause hearing, the defendant and his or her attorney may appear and dispute the prosecutor’s charges.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer (Level 4) of the criminal justice system wedding cake.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The crime control perspective views the justice system as a means of caring for and treating people who
cannot manage themselves.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Decriminalization of marijuana would most likely be advocated by those having a perspective of equal justice.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Noninterventionists support the placement of first-time offenders who commit minor crimes into informal community-
based treatment programs.
a.
True
b.
False
14. The issue of ethics is becoming less important in the criminal justice system, due to an increasing number of checks
and balances.
a.
True
b.
False
15. An ethical issue that has received recent attention is that of sexual violence by correctional officers against inmates.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Use of discretion at all levels of the criminal justice system is one way in which ethical considerations arise.
a.
True
b.
False
17. There has been a substantial decline in the crime rate, yet more than 11 million individuals are still arrested annually.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Federal funding accounts for most of all direct justice system spending.
a.
True
b.
False
19. A courtroom work group is made up of a prosecutor and defense attorney and helps to streamline the process of justice
through the extensive use of deal making and plea bargaining.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between criminal justice and the media?
a.
The media routinely features stories exposing brutal cops and violent prisons.
b.
Most criminal defendants receive a lengthy trial by jury in media representations of cases.
c.
The media leads many individuals to false impressions and unrealized expectations about criminal justice.
d.
All of the above statements are true regarding the relationship between criminal justice and the media.
21. Which of the following statements is true?
a.
During the nineteenth century, the United States experienced a surge in violent behavior.
b.
Organized gangs flourished in the largest cities of the United States in the early 1900s.
c.
The first criminal gangs formed before the Civil War in urban slums.
d.
All of the statements are true.
22. What commission, appointed by President Herbert Hoover, made a detailed analysis of the US justice
system and helped usher in the era of treatment and rehabilitation?
a.
Chicago Crime Commission
b.
American Bar Foundation Commission
c.
Wickersham Commission
d.
President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice
23. The mean state corrections expenditure per inmate in approximately _______ per year.
a.
$12,000
b.
$18,000
c.
$28,000
d.
$40,000
24. Federal funding makes up ___ percent of the contemporary criminal justice system.
a.
10
b.
19
c.
27
d.
38
25. The contemporary criminal justice system can be divided into three main components:
a.
law enforcement, the courts, and the legislature.
b.
the courts, the correctional system, and the legislature.
c.
law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system.
d.
law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislature.
26. The corrections system is vast and costs federal, state, and local governments approximately $_____ billion annually.
a.
$75
b.
$110
c.
$165
d.
$264
27. There are about ____ people employed in local, state, and county law enforcement agencies.
a.
350,000
b.
500,000
c.
1.1 million
d.
2 million
28. Which of the following is not required as a legal condition for an arrest?
a.
Probable cause
b.
Deprivation of the individual’s freedom
c.
Use of handcuffs
d.
Belief by the suspect that he or she is in police custody
29. What is known about the correctional population in the United States?
a.
The correctional population has been consistently decreasing over the past decade with 5 million people
currently under the control of the correctional system.
b.
The correctional population currently consists of 7 million people under correctional supervision.
c.
The correctional population has fluctuated widely over the past decade with 21 million people currently under
the control of the correctional system.
d.
The correctional population has decreased dramatically over the past decade and now consists of 2 million
people under the control of the correctional system.
30. Criminal justice can be viewed as a process that takes an offender through a series of decision points,
beginning with arrest and concluding with reentry. Which of the following is an extralegal factor that critics
argue may be involved in this process?
a.
Offender’s race
b.
Offender’s prior record
c.
Seriousness of offense
d.
Available evidence
31. Discretion by police officers occurs during the first four stages of the criminal justice process. In order, what
are those stages?
a.
Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody
b.
Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging
c.
Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody
d.
Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging
32. Which of the following stages of the criminal justice process comes earliest in the process?
a.
Charging
b.
Investigation
c.
Preliminary hearing
d.
Arraignment
33. What percentage of cases proceeds to a criminal trial?
a.
1 percent
b.
10 percent
c.
25 percent
d.
50 percent
34. Which of the following is not a reason for a nolle prosequi—the term used when a prosecutor decides to drop a case
after a complaint has been formally made?
a.
Race of the defendant
b.
Insufficient evidence
c.
Reluctance of witnesses to testify
d.
Police error
35. In the formal criminal justice process, all defendants must go through which stage to ensure proper
sentencing/punishment/dismissal/closure?
a.
Arraignment
b.
Criminal trial
c.
Grand jury hearing
d.
Bail hearing
36. If the prosecution can present sufficient evidence, the grand jury will issue a(n) ____, which specifies the
exact charges on which the accused must stand trial.
a.
true bill of indictment
b.
information
c.
charging bill
d.
nolle prosequi
37. At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea of guilty or not guilty?
a.
Arraignment
b.
Criminal trial
c.
Preliminary hearing
d.
Bail hearing
38. For every 1000 serious crimes, about _____ adults are sent to prison.
a.
5
b.
10
c.
20
d.
30
39. For every 1000 serious crimes, about ____ percent are reported to the police.
a.
15
b.
35
c.
50
d.
75
40. The case of Jared Lee Loughner, who shot Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, is an example of _______ of the
“wedding cake” model of justice.
a.
Level I
b.
Level II
c.
Level III
d.
Level IV
41. Approximately ____ percent of felony cases are settled without a trial.
a.
20
b.
40
c.
60
d.
80
42. About ____ percent of misdemeanors are settled without a trial.
a.
30
b.
50
c.
70
d.
90
43. Which of the following crimes would be placed in Level II of the criminal justice “wedding cake”?
a.
A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard.
b.
A violent act committed by a stranger who uses a weapon.
c.
An individual is arrested for public drunkenness.
d.
A first-time offender assaults a friend.
44. A case of domestic violence would be considered _____ of the criminal justice “wedding cake”?
a.
Level I
b.
Level II
c.
Level III
d.
Level IV
45. Shoplifting and public drunkenness would be considered _____ of the criminal justice “wedding cake”?
a.
Level I
b.
Level II
c.
Level III
d.
Level IV
46. According to this justice perspective, the proper role of the justice system is to prevent crime through the
judicious use of criminal sanctions. It demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who
violate the law.
a.
Crime control
b.
Rehabilitation
c.
Due process
d.
Equal justice
47. Which of the following is false?
a.
Crime control advocates call for harsh punishment as a deterrent to crime.
b.
Crime control advocates do not want legal technicalities to help the guilty go free and tie the hands of
justice.
c.
Crime control advocates argue the more efficient the system, the greater its effectiveness.
d.
Crime control advocates do not question the criminal justice system’s ability to rehabilitate offenders.
48. According to this justice perspective, the justice system serves as a mechanism of caring for and treating
people who cannot manage themselves. It assumes people are at the mercy of social, economic, and
interpersonal conditions.
a.
Crime control
b.
Rehabilitation
c.
Due process
d.
Equal justice
49. Proponents of this justice perspective believe that the greatest concern of the justice system should be
providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of committing a crime.
a.
Crime control
b.
Rehabilitation
c.
Due process
d.
Equal justice
50. Proponents of this justice perspective are concerned about the effect of the stigma that criminal suspects bear when
they are given negative labels such as “rapist” or “child molester.”
a.
Rehabilitation
b.
Nonintervention
c.
Equal justice
d.
Restorative justice
51. Which justice perspective advocates mediation rather than coercive punishment?
a.
Rehabilitation
b.
Nonintervention
c.
Equal justice
d.
Restorative justice
52. If you believe that procedural fairness, civil rights, and the rule of law are inviolate principles, which justice
perspective do you favor?
a.
Crime control
b.
Due process
c.
Equal justice
d.
Rehabilitation
53. A concern with constitutional rights and privileges is a main focus of which justice perspective?
a.
Crime control
b.
Due process
c.
Equal justice
d.
Rehabilitation
54. “Widening the net of justice” is of concern to you if you favor which justice perspective?
a.
Nonintervention
b.
Due process
c.
Equal justice
d.
Rehabilitation
55. This justice perspective advocates standardization of rules and regulations within the criminal justice system.
a.
Nonintervention
b.
Due process
c.
Equal justice
