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d.
Rehabilitation
56. According to noninterventionists, the efforts to treat offenders may lead to further stigma beyond the scope of the
original offense. This is referred to as:
a.
deinstitutionalization
b.
nolle prosequi
c.
victimless crime
d.
widening the net of justice
57. Advocates of this justice perspective argue that the justice system remains an adversarial process that pits the
forces of the state against those of a solitary individual accused of a crime.
a.
Crime control
b.
Due process
c.
Nonintervention
d.
Rehabilitation
58. Ethical issues transcend all elements of the justice system. Why are ethical standards so important in
criminal justice?
a.
Without ethical decision making, it is possible that individual civil rights and liberties will suffer.
b.
Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens’ most personal information, raising
concerns of privacy and confidentiality.
c.
Justice system personnel may work in an environment where moral ambiguity is widespread.
d.
Ethical standards are important in the justice system for all these reasons.
59. Which of the following is false?
a.
Ethical issues transcend all elements of the criminal justice system.
b.
It is often difficult to determine what is fair and just and balance; this concerns with the needs of the
public.
c.
Ethical issues end with the arrest of a suspect.
d.
Ethical behavior is important in law enforcement because officers have the authority to deprive
individuals of their liberty.
60. As Jessica recalls her past history of stealing and theft, she realizes that her parents weren’t around very much and she
doesn’t remember regularly attending school. Parents and school represent what aspect when discussing criminal
behavior?
a.
Formal social control
b.
Informal social control
c.
Legal and immoral control
d.
Illegal and moral control
61. With Jessica’s new charge of home invasion and robbery, she will likely be sentenced to prison time. What
component of the system will she serve her sentence in?
a.
Corrections
b.
Institutional supervision
c.
Courts
d.
Police
62. Jessica was asked to participate in a rehabilitation program that is designed to provide a more successful readjustment
to society without theft and robbery. Her participation in this program will occur during what stage of the criminal justice
process?
a.
Sentencing/disposition
b.
Prerelease
c.
Correctional treatment
d.
Post release
Jackson has been arrested for possession of drugs. When he was taken into custody, the officer had just witnessed Jackson
taking money from someone and handing them a small bag that looked as if it were drugs. After obtaining that probable
cause, the officer searched Jackson’s backpack where he found approximately 4 ounces of marijuana packaged in smaller
63. After arrest, Jackson will be in what stage of the criminal justice process while the officer searches his home for more
evidence?
a.
Initial contact
b.
Booking
c.
Custody
d.
Holding
64. Upon searching Jackson’s home, the officer found an additional 3 ounces of marijuana packaged for resale. The
prosecutor has decided to charge Jackson with possession with intent to distribute. What is the next stage of the criminal
justice process after charging?
a.
Custody
b.
Preliminary hearing
c.
Arraignment
d.
Plea bargaining
65. At arraignment, Jackson accepts a plea deal that will shorten his sentence in return for naming one of his marijuana
dealer. About what percentage of cases every year end in plea bargains instead of a criminal trial?
a.
60 percent
b.
70 percent
c.
80 percent
d.
90 percent
Patricia, a famous child actor, has been arrested yet again. She has had many brushes with the law but has yet to be
sentenced to prison .This time, the arrest was for was stealing but in the end, the charges are reduced after the star agrees
to return the stolen goods. She has a team of attorneys on retainer and is always in the spotlight.
66. With Patricia’s retained counsel, the judge was convinced that she had learned her lesson and the challenge of the
spotlight led her to her most current crime. This type of scenario is most likely to happen in what level of the criminal
justice “wedding cake”?
a.
Level 1
b.
Level 2
c.
Level 3
d.
Level 4
67. When Patricia had her charges reduced in exchange for the return of stolen goods, what agency of crime control did
she most likely deal with?
a.
Police
b.
Prosecution and defense
c.
Courts
d.
Corrections
Henry Huggins is a state’s attorney who wants to be mayor of Baltimore. He knows that mayors before him have run and
won on the “tough on crime” platform. Henry also believes in being tough but fair and knows that he has the winning
record both in the courtroom and in politics. He feels that every person deserves a full array of constitutional rights and
preserving democratic ideals is paramount over the need to punish the guilty.
68. If Henry believes in democratic ideals and careful scrutiny of decisions made in the justice system, what perspective
on justice does Henry take?
a.
Noninterventionist
b.
Crime control
c.
Due process
d.
Equal justice
69. What is the concept called that describes Henry’s involvement with the defense attorney, judge, and other courtroom
personnel that helps to streamline the process of justice through extensive use of deal making and plea bargaining?
a.
Safe streets control group
b.
Courtroom work group
c.
The center work group
d.
Cooperative work group
70. The first police agency was developed in 1829 in ____________________.
71. _________ ______ is management of an individual’s behavior by social and institutional forces in society.
72. A ___ __ __ is designed to restrict the maximum time after an event that legal proceedings may be initiated.
73. Gathering of evidence occurs in this stage, which follows initial contact, __________.
74. An ___________________ is the condition that in order to make an arrest in a misdemeanor, the arresting
officer must have personally witnessed the crime being committed.
75. The ____________________ is composed of law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system.
76. When prosecutors decide to take no further action after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legal
matters of a case, it is referred to as a(n) ____________________.
77. The charging document filed by the prosecution that forms the basis of the preliminary hearing is referred to as a(n)
____________________.
78. The term used in some jurisdictions for a preliminary hearing to show cause to bring a case to trial: ___ hearing.
79. ____________________ is the term used to describe the process through which large numbers of cases are
systematically filtered out of the formal criminal justice process.
80. The ____________________ is comprised of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and other court
personnel who function to streamline the process of justice.
81. Millions of misdemeanors, such as disorderly conduct, shoplifting, public drunkenness, and minor assault,
comprise ____________________ of the criminal justice “wedding cake.” Lower courts handle these cases in an
assembly-line fashion.
82. A sex offense by a repeat offender would be considered a crime at which level of the criminal justice “wedding cake.”
83. Decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, and pretrial diversion are favored by those adhering to the
____________________ perspective.
84. The goal of the ____________________ perspective is to enable the offender to appreciate the damage
caused, to make amends, and to be reintegrated back into society.
85. The ____________________ perspective has influenced the development of sentencing policies that
emphasize mandatory punishments.
86. Advocates of the ________________ perspective view the efforts of the state to punish and control crime as
encouraging crime rather than discouraging it.
87. Advocates of the ________________ perspective lobby for the abolition of legal restrictions on a police officer’s
ability to search for evidence and interrogate suspects. They do not want offender’s to go free on a technicality.
88. According to the criminal justice assembly line, each stage is actually a _______________ through which the cases
flow.
89. __________ is a money bond levied to ensure the return of the defendant for the criminal trial.
90. Contemporary criminal justice agencies are political entities whose structure and function are lodged within the ___,
___, and ___ branches of the government.
91. Discuss the scope of the current criminal justice system.
92. Explain why Herbert Packer describes the criminal justice process as an assembly line.
93. Compare and contrast two of the perspectives on justice. Which perspective would you advocate, and why?
94. Explain how the formal criminal justice system differs from the informal criminal justice system. What
factors in the formal system of criminal justice impact and influence the informal criminal justice system?
95. Discuss how the criminal justice assembly line results in the concept of a “criminal justice funnel.” What are the
potential consequences of this model on society?
96. The “wedding cake” model is an alternative to the traditional criminal justice flowchart. Using specific examples,
elaborate the “wedding cake” model. Address how society and the justice system respond to crimes committed at each
level.
97. Compare the crime control perspective of criminal justice to the due process perspective of criminal justice. How do
these two perspectives differ and why? Elaborate how the use of one of the alternate perspectives on justice might change
society’s view on crime and criminals.
98. Compare and contrast the rehabilitation perspective of criminal justice to the restorative justice perspective of criminal
justice. How do these two perspectives differ and why?
99. Discuss the role of ethics in the monitoring of sexual offenders from the perspective of two different personnel in the
criminal justice system (police officer, corrections officer, defense attorney, prosecutor, etc.).
100. Why are ethics important in criminal justice? Choose a component of the justice system and discuss ethical issues of
importance.
