30. During his terms in office, President George W. Bush faced a number of politically difficult
situations. One of the most visible of the domestic problems he encountered involved the Enron
scandal. During his second full year in office, Bush, along with his vice president, Dick Cheney,
spent a lot of time fending off attacks concerning their dealings with Enron. Specifically, the
Bush White House was publicly chastised for setting policies supported by Enron that actually
helped the corporation. In short, many observers believed that the Bush White House supported
Enron, and may therefore have helped prop up its illegal activities.
Senator. Henry Waxman was chosen to head the Senate committee charged with investigating
“possible illegal activity surrounding the failure of Enron, and the possible involvement of the
President and Vice President.” The committee called Cheney and several of his top aides to
appear and testify regarding their involvement in the Enron corporate scandal. Reluctantly,
Cheney’s chief of staff finally agreed to appear before the committee.
Senator Waxman asked Cheney about his involvement with Enron generally, but as his
testimony continued, Waxman’s questions became more specific. He asked, “Did you engage in
any illegal activity regarding the Enron Corporation?” as well as, “Did you know of anyone who
did engage in illegal activity regarding Enron?” Cheney refused to answer these questions,
claiming that they were beyond the scope of the committee’s charter. The committee held him in
contempt.
Senator Waxman, upon the completion of Cheney’s testimony, called him “a complete liar, and
an underhanded cheater, willing to do anything to make money,” and asserted that “he was
simply part of the Texas oil mob good ole boys network.” These comments were made directly
to Cheney’s face in the Senate committee’s chambers. While the hearings were taking place,
Waxman was negotiating with a major publisher to write a book about the Enron hearings, which
would include Cheney’s testimony as well as Waxman’s own thoughts and comments about the
process. At the conclusion of Cheney’s testimony, Waxman appeared on numerous news
programs and talk shows to promote his book and talk about the testimony, repeating his earlier
comments about Cheney’s honesty.
Vice President Cheney sued Waxman on several grounds. First, he claimed that Waxman had
libeled him and sought $10 million in damages. Second, he challenged the committee’s authority
to investigate this subject matter. He argued that the committee’s charter was too vague and the
questions posed to him were a violation of his First Amendment rights of association.
Suppose you are a Supreme Court justice. How would you decide this case? Use existing
Supreme Court precedent to justify how you would rule on each of Cheney’s specific allegations
and offer supporting arguments as to why you reached your decision.