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Chapter 7: DBMS Functions
1. In some database systems, such as Microsoft Access, users can access and update metadata about fields, tables,
relationships, and indexes.
2. PC-based DBMSs offer a data dictionary.
3. The DBMS must successfully complete all transaction steps or none at all for the database to remain in a
correct state.
4. In two-phase locking, the second phase is the shrinking phase.
5. Each job that a user completes, such as filling an order, is called a user task.
6. When the DBMS locks more rows and releases none of the locks, this is called an expanding phase.
Chapter 7: DBMS Functions
7. In a PC-based DBMS, as long as one program has a row or table locked, no other program may access that
row or table.
8. One guideline for writing programs for concurrent updates in a PC-based DBMS states that if an update
transaction must lock more than one row in the same table, the whole table must be locked.
9. Additional storage and memory space are not required to store timestamp values.
10. The successful completion of a transaction is known as an after image.
11. The more important it is to avoid redoing work, the more often you should make backups.
12. A DBMS must provide ways to ensure that only authorized users can access the database.
13. The most common security features used by DBMSs are batch processing, journaling, and timestamping.
Chapter 7: DBMS Functions
14. Smart cards have built-in circuits containing processing logic to identify the cardholder.
15. Encrypted data can be read by a word processor program.
16. Data about the data in a database is known as ____.
17. ____ contain information about table relationships, views, indexes, users, privileges, and replicated data.
18. The catalog is maintained by ____.
the database administrator
the author of the tables in the database
Chapter 7: DBMS Functions
19. ____ denies access by other users to data while the DBMS processes one user’s updates to the database.
20. In order to accomplish serial processing of updates, many DBMSs use ____.
21. If two or more users are waiting for the other user to release a lock before they can proceed, this is known as a ____.
22. After a DBMS detects a deadlock, the ____ should break the deadlock.
23. To break a deadlock, the DBMS chooses one deadlocked user to be the ____.
Chapter 7: DBMS Functions
24. ____ is the process of returning the database to a state that is known to be correct from a state known to be incorrect.
25. The DBMS accomplishes ____ by reading the log for the problem transactions and applying the before images to
undo their updates.
26. ____ a database reverses encryption.
27. The technique for identifying the person who is attempting to access the DBMS is known as ____.
28. A string of characters assigned by the DBA to a database that the user must enter to access the database is known as a
____.
Chapter 7: DBMS Functions
29. ____ identify users by physical characteristics such as fingerprints, voiceprints, handwritten signatures, and facial
characteristics.
30. ____ rules specify which users have what type of access to which data in the database.
31. The DBA usually creates groups of users called ____.
32. A(n) ____ is a snapshot of certain data in a database at a given moment in time.
33. ____ refers to the right of individuals to have certain information about them kept confidential.
Chapter 7: DBMS Functions
34. ____ integrity implies that the value entered for any field should be consistent with the data type for that field.
35. ____ integrity constraints help to ensure the accuracy and consistency of individual field values.
36. A(n) ____________________ is a set of steps completed by a DBMS to accomplish a single user task.
37. ____________________ involves maintaining a log of all updates in the database.
38. A backward recovery is also called a(n) ____________________.
39. ____________________ is the prevention of unauthorized access, either intentional or accidental.
40. A user’s ____________________ specify what kind of access the user has to objects in the database.
41. ____________________ are rules that the DBMS must be follow in order to update data accurately and
consistently.
42. ____________________ integrity constraints consist of primary key constraints and foreign key constraints.
43. ____________________ key constraints are governed by entity integrity and enforce the uniqueness of the primary
key.
44. _________________________ is a property that lets you change the database structure without requiring
you to change the programs that access the database.
45. ____________________ occurs when the DBMS exchanges all updated data between the master database and a
replica.
46. Explain how a database is updated using batch processing.
47. Explain how a DBMS breaks a deadlock.
48. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of timestamping.
49. Discuss the four ways in which integrity constraints can be handled.
50. Explain the difference between a procedural language and a nonprocedural language. Give at least one
example of each type of language.