Yousman, Gender, Race, and Class in Media 6e
SAGE Publications, 2021
Test Bank
PART VIII: SOCIAL MEDIA, VIRTUAL COMMUNITY, FANDOM, AND ACTIVISM
Multiple Choice
1. Grassroots convergence serves the needs of both ______.
a. urban and suburban
b. national and global
c. statewide and countrywide
d. cosmopolitan and local
2. As the author describes, the media imperialism argument blurs the distinction
between at least four forms of power. Which of the following is not one of the four
discussed?
a. economic
b. cultural
c. coercive
d. psychological
3. Alvin Toffler introduced the notion of the ______ in the early 1980s.
a. consumer
b. prosumer
c. producer
d. professional shopper
4. ______ is the means for Facebook’s economic ends. Facebook permanently
monitors users for economic ends, which means that no economic privacy is
guaranteed to them.
a. Premium social media
b. Sponsored content
c. Data surveillance
d. Web-based advertising
5. Historically, game companies have imagined an audience filled with ______.
a. young, White, and heterosexual males
b. young and multiethnic males
c. White males of all ages
d. young, White men and women
6. In many ways, #Gamergate is simply Internet business as usual; much of the vitriol
chronicled here is routinely found in other virtual places. Yet, and importantly,
#Gamergate made this kind of “ordinary” harassment newsworthy, calling our collective
attention to ______.
a. the idea that online spaces are much safer than traditional spaces, with people rarely
if ever being abused
b. the abuse people endure in sport games
c. the sustained abuse many people endure in order to participate in online spaces
d. the positivity of online spaces as spaces away from the harassment found in many
real day-to-day places
7. Gamergaters’ references to war create ______.
a. an exciting metaphor that will both engage people’s interest and cause them to think
about the situation differently
b. a feeling of intensity to keep the audience’s attention
c. an underlying message about the state of our society
d. a narrative framing to set themselves as “the good guys” on a quest for truths
8. According to the article, a new stage not previously identified was conceptualized and
called a ______, where donations, political action, and civil action are promoted and
enforced via cyberspace.
a. “demand for change”
b. “call for action”
c. “shift toward movement”
d. none of these
9. As the author details, a successful tactic utilized by the cyberspace movement is
______.
a. the application of cyberattacks to alter private information
b. the alteration of digital avatars to enhance people’s online experience
c. the invitation to engage in political action by contacting politicians
d. the presentation of cultural norms to social groups
10. In considerations of the use of ______ to articulate shared interests and mobilize
political action, the recent history of its role in antiauthoritarian movements throughout
the Middle East and Africa looms large.
a. physical “snail” mail
b. social media
c. digital e-mail
d. live community forums
11. As explained in the article, Wilson’s characterization of himself as a child and of
Brown as ______ became part of an exculpatory narrative in which the unarmed
teenager was framed as the true threat, not the police officer who shot and killed him.
a. a deranged youth
b. a dangerous criminal
c. an easily angered man
d. a superhuman monster
12. The death of Michael Brown quickly captured the imagination of thousands across
and beyond the United States. Protesters from around the nation flocked to Ferguson to
participate in demonstrations calling for ______.
a. the officer to be released and the charges be dropped
b. Michael Brown to be officially recognized as a civil rights figure
c. the arrest of the officer responsible for the fatal shooting
d. the entire police department to be held responsible for the death of Michael Brown
13. Frechette’s article discusses sexual assault cases against all of the following
individuals except ______.
a. Brett Kavanaugh
Yousman, Gender, Race, and Class in Media 6e
SAGE Publications, 2021
b. R. Kelly
c. Bill Cosby
d. Harvey Weinstein
14.The use of the hashtag has become a modern rallying call to unite social media
users in a common cause. One of the most famous hashtags is #metoo which is used in
the battle against sexual harassment and assault. The results of this activism have
included ______.
a. greater awareness of the pervasive nature of sexual assault across many industries
b. the sacking of several high-profile male celebrities due to their behavior
c. women coming forward after months or even years to confront their assailants
d. all of these
15. The visibility of the trans movement was bolstered by the casting of ______ in the
Netflix drama Orange is the New Black.
a. Laverne Cox
b. Jeffrey Tambor
c. Felicity Huffman
d. Jared Leto
16. Trans women use social media as a way to ______.
a. solicit businesses that are supportive to the trans community
b. advocate for trans rights and celebrate the accomplishments of trans women
c. troll homophobes and other trans aggressors
d. call for pro-trans legislation
17. Muslims, especially Muslim women, have increasingly turned to ______ to engage
in activism, connection, and awareness.
a. film
b. television
c. traditional news outlets
d. social media
Answer Location: Article 62
18. The hashtag created by Amani Al-Khatahtbeh as a way of promoting solidarity
amongst Muslim women is ______.
a. #TheMuslimGirl
b. #SupportJada
c. #MuslimWomensDay
d. #MuslimsMatter
19. The It Gets Better Project is an U.S.-based (but now international) grassroots
organization that promotes support and healing for ______ youth.
a. LGBTQ
b. Muslim
c. Jewish
d. mentally ill
20. Which Latin American country has had the longest history of LGBT activism?
a. Nicaragua
b. Brazil
c. Costa Rica
d. Mexico
True/False
1. The article talks about two forces—the top-down push of corporate convergence and
the bottom-up pull of grassroots convergence. These forces intersect to produce what
might be called global convergence, the unidirectional flow of consumer goods around
the country.
2. Toffler describes the age of prosumption as the arrival of a new form of political and
capitalistic autocracy, class-determined work, power-dependent labor, centralized
production, and government-focused production.
3. According to authors, prior research demonstrates that people of color are not
commonly perceived as a possible threat to society and that Latino immigrants are not
an exception.
4. All told, the #metoo movement had little effect on the pervasive culture of toxic
masculinity and sexual harassment in the entertainment industries.
5. Social media, as opposed to traditional film and television, has provided a space in
which trans men and trans women can negotiate their identity.
6. The unification of Muslim women on social media led to a watershed moment in
which mainstream media’s perception on Islam and Muslims drastically turned toward
the positive.
7. Aspects of Mexican culture like its strong Catholic population and machismo attitude
have prevented the mainstream media there from embracing the LGBTQ movement.
Essay
1. What is the difference and tension between corporate convergence and grassroots
convergence?
2. How does hashtag activism distinguish itself from “real” activism?
3. Compare and contrast the #metoo and #Timesup movements. Drawing on your own
experience, which movement had a larger influence on American culture?
4. In May 2020, a Minneapolis man named George Floyd was murdered by a police
officer sparking nationwide, and even worldwide, protests and rebellions. The hashtag
#BlackLivesMatter took on an even stronger meaning. Given what you read in the
Jackson, et al, article, how would you advise someone to use social media to create a
strong, local, anti-racist movement on your campus?
5. Like the Muslim Women’s movement that was introduced in the Pennington essay,
the #BlackLivesMatter movement has gained strong momentum since it was launched
in 2013 following the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of Florida
teenager Trayvon Martin. Discuss the similarities and differences between the two
movements and the overall effectiveness of hashtag activism.
6. Discuss in detail the three overarching themes of LGBTQ activism in Mexico
discerned from: Ciszek’s study: de ambiente, la cultura en todo, and el ambiente digital.