our conceptions of what is true and false.
our predispositions to respond to things in evaluative ways.
our perceptions of reality.
our most enduring judgments about what is good and bad in life.
Under what circumstances should the speaker begin by showing the topic’s relevance to
the audience, and then relate the topic to ideas and experiences about which the
audience holds a positive attitude?
if the topic of the speech is new to the listeners
if the listeners don’t know very much about the topic
if the listeners already have a negative bias
if the listeners have a positive feeling about the topic
To establish a feeling of identification with the audience,
practice the speech often before its presentation.
stress your commonalities.
speak loudly enough to be heard without a microphone.
arrive at the speaking setting well before the speech.
How many demographic characteristics are typically considered in the analysis of
speech audiences?
Socioeconomic status includes
gender, occupation, and religion.
ethnicity, education, and occupation.
income, occupation, and education.
religion, education, and gender.
Tools a speaker can use to analyze an audience include all of the following EXCEPT