Yousman, Gender, Race, and Class in Media 6e
SAGE Publications, 2021
Test Bank
PART V: REPRESENTING SEXUALITIES
Multiple Choice
1. In the article, the author says that over the past 25 years, the pornographers and their
allies have won, and radical feminism has lost. What does he mean by this statement?
a. Radical feminism lost its base due to cultural differences, and pornography has
grown more diverse, creating a larger base of regular users than ever before.
b. There is more pornography, more easily available, and much of it more openly cruel
and degrading to women and more overtly racist than ever.
c. Pornography has effectively destroyed the current generation’s idea of a healthy sex
life.
d. Pornography has become so intertwined with pop culture and ideas of society that
radical feminism has no leverage to gain an audience.
2. “Radical” is often used to dismiss people or ideas as “crazy” or “extreme,” but here it
describes ______.
a. an analysis that seeks to understand, address, and eventually eliminate the root
causes of inequality
b. a method of thinking that seeks to eliminate inequity in society entirely
c. a series of ideas and concepts that works to build a basis for overpowering the
patriarchal society
d. a power movement that seeks to put women in the dominant social and cultural
position but to ultimately have equal rights
3. As the author states, it is not anti-sex to critique a pornographic culture that accepts
______ designed to produce sexual stimulation, which are easily accessible not only to
adults but to children at the beginning stages of their sexual development.
a. White supremacy and White nationalism
b. polygamy or multiple partners
c. heteronormativity and homophobia
d. misogynistic and racist images
4. Rather than looking at how corporate-owned media affects the way in which girls and
women construct gender and sexual identities that produce and reproduce hegemonic
gender relations, the author says that scholars are now arguing ______.
a. that we needed to take a more critical approach to media targeted to women
b. that we needed to take a more positive approach to media targeted to women
c. that men needed to take a more positive approach to media targeted to young
children
d. that we needed to take a more positive approach to media targeted to men
5. As the article states, the “it” they were referring to was the porn industry, and their
reasoning was that because there are so many subgenres of porn circulating on the
Internet, there couldn’t possibly be ______.
a. a limit on access
b. a cohesive industry
c. an open market
d. a monopoly on the industry
6. According to the author, rather than espousing views that synchronize well with the
industry perspective, feminists need to develop ______.
a. a militaristic approach
b. a peaceful protest against opposing ideologies
c. a research and activist agenda
d. a plan to stand-in at political rallies
7. Pornography is everyday not just in the sense that coded versions of it populate
mainstream images but also because ______.
a. it is never more than an Internet search away
b. it influences how we perceive other people’s bodies
c. it is a visible influence of our daily moral choices
d. its precepts underlie mainstream ideas and practices
8. Negative representation feeds the sense of omnipotence of the dominators and says
that this world of violence and inequality is ______.
a. better than any other possible worlds
Yousman, Gender, Race, and Class in Media 6e
SAGE Publications, 2021
b. the only world possible
c. only one of many worlds possible
d. not a reality and can be easily changed
9. In contemporary Western societies, ______ is conceptualized as practices and
embodiment that justify and institutionalize the central position of patriarchal men and
the suppression, discrimination, or symbolic exclusion of women or of men who embody
and/or express alternative masculinities.
a. heteronormativity
b. emasculation
c. feminism
d. hegemonic masculinity
10. Both Frank Ocean and The Weeknd can be understood as being part of a music
culture that reflects the social complexities of ______.
a. musicians in an increasingly independent world
b. free expression under the first amendment
c. heteronormative men in an increasingly open society
d. masculinities in current Western public spheres
11. As the author mentions, few songs explicitly emasculate the hegemonic masculine
man. To do so, The Weeknd connects the emasculation to ______.
a. a drug-infused lifestyle
b. an alcoholic existence
c. a sobering experience
d. a complex and psychedelic dream
12. Barbie gives girls endless opportunities to customize her, brush and style her hair,
and position her in settings like aerobics class, a school dance, or the shopping mall.
Then by doing these things, the author says that Barbie ______.
a. imposes false ideas on children of all ages
b. epitomizes, even exaggerates, these families’ mandates
c. is a good learning tool for young children
d. reinforces good family role models and ideals
Yousman, Gender, Race, and Class in Media 6e
SAGE Publications, 2021
13. As an icon of drag, Barbie illustrates what feminists and culture critics have been
saying for some years. In no uncertain terms, Barbie demonstrates that femininity is
a(n) ______.
a. organic and fundamental concept
b. overly idealistic view
c. concept that few toy makers adopt
d. manufactured reality
14. Such lines of work are those that attract disproportionate numbers of lesbigay
people and are widely considered inappropriate for people of ______. The ballet and
hairdressing for men and the military and automechanics for women are examples.
a. a certain background
b. a given gender
c. a specific sexuality
d. none of these
15. The simple ______ between oppressed and empowered women structuring most
media representations of Western and Muslim femininities upholds broader political
divisions.
a. comparison
b. dichotomy
c. conflict
d. collation
16. As described in the article, ______ offer(s) a fantasy of wholeness and universality.
a. films and television
b. traditional music
c. reading
d. belly dancing
17. According to Clark, the four stages of social group media representation are:
a. Nonrecognition, Ridicule, Regulation, Respect
b. Ignorance, Realization, Appreciation, Rejection
c. Unawareness, Appreciation, Respect, Adulation
d. Unenlightenment, Rejection, Ridicule, Tolerance
18. The early gay rights movement was not supported by an early CBS Documentary in
which Mike Wallace referred to gay men as ______.
a. stupid
b. dangerous
c. promiscuous
d. dirty
19. What was the biggest setback to media representation of gay men in the late 1980s
and early 1990s?
a. U.S. President Ronald Reagan made gay sex a federal crime.
b. Several high-profile political scandals involving gay men.
c. The prominent story of the murder of Gianni Versace by Andrew Cunanan, both of
whom were gay.
d. The media’s stereotypical linking of gay men to AIDS.
20. Ableist normativity is toxic because ______.
a. it sets up a system of discrimination
b. it operates as a discourse of power and domination
c. it opens up the opportunity of exploitation of disabled people
d. all of these
21. The existence of ______ is inherently discriminatory and indicative of society’s
disdain for those who cannot use them.
a. stairs
b. elevators
c. doors
d. chairs
Yousman, Gender, Race, and Class in Media 6e
SAGE Publications, 2021
True/False
1. As the article states, male supremacists would have us believe that all cultures have
been and are now patriarchal. But patriarchy is relatively new in human culture.
2. The Middle Eastern women’s burqas mask their likeness to the Western women, and
it is only after they expose themselves that they can be seen as properly modern.
3. The Fox series Glee and Empire both started as strong examples of gay
representation, but ultimately fell into the same traps as other programs reducing their
characters to corny stereotypes.
4. Hindi films have been at the forefront of accurate and supportive representation of
Indian people with disabilities.
Essay
1. What is heteronormativity and how is it represented in cultural artifacts like music?
2. What additional actions can TV networks and Hollywood studios take to increase the
positive media representation of gay men?
3. What is abelism and what are some examples of it?