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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which term encompasses the social, psychological, and behavioral attributes a culture associates with your
biological sex?
a. Gender
b. Gender identity
c. Gender continuum
d. Gender polarization
2. The shared expectations of a society for behaviors that are deemed appropriate for girls/women or boys/men
are called (a)
a. gender identity.
b. intersectionality.
c. gender roles.
d. gender continuum.
3. What is the basis of exclusionary “-isms,” such as racism, sexism, and ageism?
a. outgrouping
b. benevolent prejudice
c. hostile prejudice
d. stereotyping
4. Unique cultures that co-exist within a dominant cultural sphere are called
a. low-context cultures.
b. co-cultures.
c. collectivist cultures.
d. high-uncertainty-avoidance cultures.
5. While working in a group, a member from a high-uncertainty-avoidance culture is likely to feel more
comfortable with a loosely defined structure and ambiguous assignments.
a. True
b. False
6. Portia, who lives in the United States, wears her hair short and dresses in nothing but baggy jeans and T-
shirts. She does not pluck her eyebrows or shave her legs or armpits. Portia has chosen to reject or ignore (the)
a. gender identity.
b. intersectionality.
c. gender roles.
d. gender continuum.
7. In Kashvi’s culture, admiring something a person owns implies that you would like to have that thing.
Patricia, Kashvi’s classmate, knows this and has learned that if she expresses interest in Kashvi’s jewelry,
Kashvi will give the item of jewelry to Patricia. Kashvi has already given Patricia three bracelets, and now
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Patricia expresses interest in a fourth bracelet in the hope that Kashvi will give it to her, too. What component
of intercultural competence is Patricia lacking?
a. Aappropriateness
b. Effectiveness
c. Ethics
d. Behavioral flexibility
8. A belief that one’s cultural values, beliefs, and attitudes are superior to others is called
a. ethnocentrism.
b. attributional complexity.
c. prejudice.
d. individualism.
9. Demonstrating acceptance of and respect for other cultures shows we possess
a. collectivism.
b. world-mindedness.
c. attributional complexity.
d. ethnocentrism.
10. As opposed to a person’s biological and anatomical characteristics at birth, which of these is/are a person’s
deeply felt inner sense of self?
a. Gender fluidity
b. Gender polarization
c. Gender roles
d. Gender identity
11. What occurs when stereotypes evolve into rigid attitudes toward groups and their members?
a. Prejudice
b. Display rules
c. Power distance
d. Attributional complexity
12. Gender is universally regarded as a binary.
a. True
b. False
13. At the office, the department manager frequently joins her staff for lunch or happy hour after work. This
workplace has a low-power distance culture.
a. True
b. False
14. A global study completed on adolescents aged ten to fourteen from fifteen countries found unequal gender
expectations and stereotypes for boys and girls.
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a. True
b. False
15. What is the term for norms that dictate when, where, and how to manage emotions appropriately?
a. Display rules
b. Attributional complexity
c. Intercultural communication
d. Accommodation
16. Individuals who are born with an atypical combination of features that usually distinguish male from female
are classified as
a. intersex.
b. transgender.
c. intersectional.
d. gender fluid.
17. Gender identity is how we are classified based on biological and physical characteristics.
a. True
b. False
18. Members of which type of culture tend to use relatively vague, ambiguous language and silence to convey
meaning?
a. Individualistic
b. Low-power distance
c. High-uncertainty-avoidance
d. High-context
19. A variety of sources contributes to teaching and enforcinge gender in a process called
a. gender polarization.
b. gender identity.
c. intersectionality.
d. gender socialization.
20. While visiting Vietnam, Lan checks himself before making harsh judgments about Vietnamese culture and
alternately examines a multitude of reasons behind the behaviors he observed. What intercultural competence
strategy is Lan demonstrating?
a. World-mindedness
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Attributional complexity
d. Rhetorical messages
21. In group work, Melinda is direct, assertive, and explicitly communicates; however, she doesn’t realize that
others can be offended by her communication. What component of intercultural competence is she lacking?
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a. Appropriateness
b. Effectiveness
c. Ethics
d. Behavioral flexibility
22. While those people you view as similar to yourself are called ingroupers, those whom you view as different
from yourself are called outgroupers.
a. True
b. False
23. The belief that women are more emotional than men is an example of (a) gender
a. identity.
b. stereotype.
c. continuum.
d. fluidity.
24. Prejudice is rooted in
a. display rules.
b. attributional complexity.
c. culture.
d. stereotypes.
25. Which statement is true regarding physical distinctions based on sex?
a. No difference exists in motor skills.
b. Anatomical males tend to develop more upper body strength.
c. Average height is the same.
d. Anatomical males tend to throw farther, but not faster.
26. When we engage in communication that is appropriate, effective, and ethical for people of diverse
backgrounds, we exhibit
a. attributional complexity.
b. intercultural competence.
c. collectivism.
d. display rules.
27. Which is considered to be a characteristic of co–cultures?
a. They have more power than the dominant culture.
b. They strictly conform to the dominant culture’s values and norms.
c. Euro-American men are an example of a co-culture in the United States.
d. They have less power than the dominant culture.
28. The tendency of societies to sort individuals into perceptual, social, and legal categories of “male” and
“female” is called
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a. gender identity.
b. gender polarization.
c. gender continuum.
d. gender socialization.
29. Which term refers to someone whose gender identity corresponds to their sex?
a. Transgender
b. Cisgender
c. Gender fluid
d. Intersectional
30. What theory suggests that the dominant culture determines the prevailing views, values, and traditions of a
society?
a. Power distance
b. Attributional complexity
c. Communication accommodation
d. Co-cultural communication
31. What is the term for an established, coherent set of beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices shared by a large
group of people?
a. Co-culture
b. Collectivistic culture
c. Culture
d. High-context culture
32. According to co-cultural communication theory, Euro-Americans are the dominant culture in the United
States and, therefore, have more power.
a. True
b. False
33. Which statement is true regarding the results of studies on the differences between men’s and women’s
nonverbal communication?
a. Men are as likely as women to be asked to smile by strangers.
b. Research participants associated angry faces with women.
c. The number of nonverbal differences and verbal differences were similar.
d. Women tend to be more facially expressive than men.
34. Gender reveal parties are an example of
a. intersectionality.
b. gender socialization.
c. gender roles.
d. gender identity.
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35. Names and pronouns are two ways we indicate a person’s
a. intersectionality.
b. gender.
c. gender roles.
d. gender polarization.
36. Mitchell’s cruise ship stops in Jamaica, and he and his friend Simon take a shore excursion that exposes
them to some very poor areas. Mitchell remarks to his Jamaican bus driver that the driver should be sure to visit
a “real country” someday. What does Mitchell”s communication illustrate?
a. World-mindedness
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Attributional complexity
d. Uncertainty avoidance
37. If you believe that all people on SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) are inherently lazy and
don’t deserve governmental assistance, what type of prejudice does your belief reflect?
a. stereotype
b. hostile prejudice
c. benevolent prejudice
d. outgroupers
38. What is one effect of belief in polarized gender?
a. People who believe in polarized gender perceive wide differences between the genders.
b. People who believe in polarized gender feel less sure of their own gender roles.
c. People who believe in polarized gender reject gender socialization.
d. People who believe in polarized gender are more likely to reflect on their perceptions about gender.
39. Gender fluid individuals are considered cisgender.
a. True
b. False
40. What theory addresses the ability to adjust your communication to mesh with the behaviors of people from
other cultures?
a. Co-cultural communication
b. Stereotype content
c. Intercultural communication
d. Communication accommodation
41. After a family meal, Cassandra’s grandmother insists the girls and women help clean up the table and do
dishes while she tells the boys and men to go watch television or go outside to play. This is an example of
a. the gender continuum.
b. gender identity.
c. intersectionality.
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d. gender roles.
42. An individual who rejects binary gender and instead sees gender as a dynamic mix of characteristics is
considered
a. gender fluid.
b. cisgender.
c. transgender.
d. intersectional.
43. People who believe in large differences between males and females are more likely to perceive men as
comparatively superior.
a. True
b. False
44. Which communication model presents the idea that prejudice is based upon how warm, friendly, and
competent others are?
a. Stereotype Content Model
b. Co-cultural Cultural Communication Model
c. Communication Accommodation Model
d. Attributional Complexity Model
45. Uncertainty avoidance indicates the extent to which a culture feels
a. isolated from other cultures.
b. unsure about its status in the world.
c. the need to avoid modernization.
d. uncomfortable with unpredictability.
46. Prejudice is different from stereotypes because
a. prejudice can lead to stereotypes.
b. stereotypes can lead to prejudice.
c. people prefer to communicate with outgroupers.
d. people tend to shy away from ingroupers.
47. Which type of culture has a tendency to value independence and personal achievement?
a. Collectivistic
b. Individualistic
c. High-context
d. High uncertainty avoidance
48. If Maria were talking to Joe, who is from a low-context culture, she would be advised to expect that
a. Joe is likely to be conscious of status.
b. expect that most of Joe’s message is in his words and not the context.
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c. expect that most of Joe’s message is in context cues and nonverbal communication, rather than in his
words.
d. Joe’s culture tends to be uncomfortable with change.
49. Teresa was born with male genitalia. At age four she began to think of herself as a girl. She now presents
herself as a woman in all circumstances. Teresa would be described as transgender.
a. True
b. False
50. Pride in your cultural heritage and patriotism are forms of ethnocentrism.
a. True
b. False
51. Rather than seeing gender as a binary, many people increasingly support the idea of (a) gender
a. continuum.
b. role.
c. identity.
d. socialization.
52. Which cultural dimension addresses the degree to which a culture perceives the unequal distribution of
power as acceptable?
a. Collectivism
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Power distance
d. Uncertainty avoidance
53. Five-year-old Carlos’s two-year-old sister receives a baby doll for her birthday. Carlos enjoys dressing and
holding the doll. His mother scolds him, tells him the doll is a girl toy, and leads him to his toy cars and balls.
This is an example of
a. gender identity.
b. intersectionality.
c. gender socialization.
d. gender fluidity.
54. Julie is other-oriented—she is concerned about the thoughts and feelings of others; however, she often does
not get her own needs met and is perceived as being too nice. What component of intercultural competence is
she lacking?
a. Appropriateness
b. Effectiveness
c. Ethics
d. Behavioral flexibility
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a. True
b. False
56. Co-cultures may be based on gender, age, or sexual orientation.
a. True
b. False
57. In a high-context culture such as Japan, a verbal “okay” does not necessarily mean agreement or consenting
to a request.
a. True
b. False
58. Which statement is true of research findings regarding men’s and women’s verbal communication
differences?
a. Women speak significantly more words per day than men.
b. There are few real verbal communication differences between men and women.
c. Gender plays a more significant role in how men and women communicate than situational factors.
d. Men are more analytical and women more emotional in their verbal communication.
59. Intercultural competence is comprised of all of the following EXCEPT
a. effectiveness.
b. appropriateness.
c. ethnocentrism
d. ethics.
60. If on social media sites, you tend to reveal personal actions, viewpoints, and events, you are likely a member
of an individualistic culture.
a. True
b. False
61. What is the term for people who aren’t culturally similar to yourself?
a. Ethnocentric
b. Collectivistic
c. Prejudiced
d. Outgroupers
62. To avoid attributional errors in intercultural communication, you can engage in
a. empathy.
b. ethnocentrism.
c. collectivism.
d. co-cultural communication.
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63. The ability to influence or control people and events is
a. ethnocentrism.
b. power.
c. intercultural competence.
d. world-mindedness.
64. Which term refers to someone whose gender identity does NOT correspond to their assigned sex at birth?
a. Cisgender
b. Gender fluid
c. Transgender
d. Intersectional
65. The terms “sex” and “gender” are synonymous.
a. True
b. False
66. Culture is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT
a. sexual orientation.
b. gender.
c. religion.
d. attributional complexity.
67. If you withhold judgment about your classmate’s lack of eye contact and don’t assume it means he is rude,
you are demonstrating what element of intercultural competence?
a. Attributional complexity
b. Ethnocentrism
c. World-mindedness
d. Uncertainty avoidance
68. Identify three examples of co-cultures in the United States.
69. Define transgender and cisgender.
70. Explain how attributional complexity can improve intercultural competence.
71. What has research shown about differences in men and women’s verbal and nonverbal communication?
72. What is gender polarization?
73. What are the two primary ways we express our gender identities?
74. Explain what it means to be a culture that scores high on uncertainty avoidance.
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75. What facial expression are women often encouraged to show, even by strangers?
76. How can reflecting on the media we consume help us reject gender polarization?
77. Identify and briefly explain the four features of culture.
78. How can you demonstrate or improve your intercultural competence?
79. How can you use communication accommodation theory to enhance your intercultural competence?
80. According to the Stereotype Content Model, define the two types of prejudice.
81. What is the difference between sex, gender, and gender identity?
82. Identify the three strategies that can be used to reduce prejudice.
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Answer Key
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