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1.
A(n) ______ is a stated position with support either for or against an idea or issues.
2.
Claims of ______ focus on whether something is or is not true or whether something
will or will not happen.
3.
Claims of ______ address issues of judgment and try to show why something is right or
wrong, good or bad, worthy or unworthy.
4.
______ originates with sources other than the speaker’s own experience.
5.
You can use an audience’s preexisting knowledge and opinions and your own speaker
______ as evidence for your claims.
6.
Speakers can use _______ to justify the links made between claim and evidence.
7.
_______ warrants offer reasons targeting the audience‘s needs and emotions.
8.
In _______ reasoning, the speaker argues that one event, circumstance, or idea is the
reason for the other.
9.
In a(n) _______ message, the speaker does not mention any opposing claims.
10.
A false or erroneous statement, or an invalid or deceptive line of reasoning, is called a
logical ______.
11.
A(n) ______ ______ argument is an attack on a person instead of the issue at hand in an
attempt to incite an audience’s dislike for that person.
12.
The ______ organizational pattern is commonly used for speeches based on claims of
policy.
13.
The ______ ______ pattern is a five-step process for arousing attention and inspiring
action.
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14.
In the motivated sequence pattern, the ______ step isolates and describes the issue to be
addressed.
15.
In the motivated sequence pattern, the ______ step identifies the solution.
16.
In the motivated sequence pattern, the ______ step involves making a direct request to
the audience.
17.
The ______ ______ pattern is most effective when the audience is already aware of an
issue or problem and agrees that a need for a solution exists.
18.
Similar to _______, the refutation pattern addresses each main point and then disproves
an opposing claim to your position.
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Answer Key