Instructor Resource
Duck, Communication in Everyday Life: The Basic Course Edition With Public
Speaking, 3e
SAGE Publishing, 2021
23. Assimilation and contrast effects are more likely to occur when an actual position is
not clear and can thus be minimized by making your position explicit.
Short Answer
1. Explain the concept of ethos.
2. Name and explain the three parts of a syllogism.
3. Define and explain a claim of policy.
4. What is the major difference between a process and a how–to demonstration?
5. What is the purpose of an expository presentation? Give an example to illustrate your
point.
6. How do inductive and deductive reasoning differ?
7. After your presentation to actuate, your audience has changed their beliefs. Have you
met your goal? Explain why or why not.
8. A ______ is an argument that appears legitimate but is actually based on faulty
reasoning or insufficient evidence.
9. One form of a fallacious argument is ______, which is when the source of a
message, rather than the message itself, is attacked.
10. One form of a fallacious argument is ______, which is when a person’s authority or
credibility in one area is used to support another area.
11. One form of a fallacious argument is ______, which involves claims that something
is good or beneficial because everyone else agrees with this evaluation.
12. The ______ explains how people may respond to a range of positions surrounding a
particular topic or issue.
13. The ______ includes the range of positions that the audience sees as acceptable.
14. The ______ represents the preferred or most acceptable position.
15. The ______ includes those positions that the audience sees as unacceptable.
16. The ______ includes positions that the audience neither wholly accepts nor wholly
rejects.
17. The ______ maintains that if someone advocates a position within your latitude of
acceptance, you will view it as closer to your anchor position than it really is.
18. The ______ maintains that if someone advocates a position within your latitude of
rejection, you will view it as farther from your anchor position than it really is.
19. ______ involves the use of logic or reasoning to influence an audience.
20. ______ involves appealing to emotions such as excitement, sadness, happiness,
guilt, and anger.
21. ______ involves the use of speaker credibility to influence an audience.
22. ______ relies on the ambiguousness of language to make an argument.
Essay
1. Choose a topic. Explain how you would use the artistic proof pathos to persuade the
audience in favor of your topic.
2. Using the same topic that you chose for Essay Question 1, explain how you would
use the artistic proof logos to persuade your audience in favor of your topic.
3. Explain at least three of the strategies for successful informative presentations.
Provide an example for each strategy.
4. Explain the three techniques that can help a speaker deliver an effective how–to
demonstration. Provide an example for each technique.
5. Discuss three techniques to help ensure effective expository and how-to
demonstrations.
6. Discuss the importance of building a relationship with your audience and how you
can execute this.
7. Discuss the importance of narrowing the focus for your topic and how you can
execute this.
8. Discuss the importance of adjusting the complexity of your presentation and how you
can execute this.
9. Discuss the importance of using clear organization and how you can execute this.
10. Discuss the importance of stressing the significance and relational influence and
how you can execute this.
11. What are concrete words? Provide some examples.
12. Explain the difference between claims of fact and claims of conjecture.
13. What is a syllogism? Explain its premises.
14. Explain red herring and provide an example.
15. Explain false alternatives and provide an example.
16. Explain composition fallacy and provide an example.
17. Explain division fallacy and provide an example.
18. Explain equivocation and provide an example.
19. Explain appeal to relationships and provide an example.
20. Explain post hoc ergo propter hoc and provide an example.
21. Explain cum hoc ergo propter hoc and provide an example.
22. Explain hasty generalization and provide an example.