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Organizational patterns help audiences follow a speech and link the speaker’s ideas
together.
Some common organizational arrangements for public speeches are topical,
chronological, spatial, causal (cause-effect), problem-solution, and narrative.
Chronological arrangements give the speaker the greatest freedom to structure main
points according to the way he or she wishes to present the topic.
A chronological pattern of arrangement follows the natural sequential order of the main
points.
Topics that involve time lines or a series of sequential steps lend themselves to the
chronological arrangement pattern.
A speech describing a series of events in time calls for a spatial pattern of arrangement.
The spatial pattern describes the physical arrangement of a place, an object, or an event.
A speech about why students drop out of college would lend itself well to being
arranged in a causal pattern.
In the causal pattern, it is never appropriate to present the effect first and the causes
subsequently.
A problem-solution pattern demonstrates the nature and significance of a problem and
provides justification for a proposed solution.
The problem-solution pattern of arrangement may have more than two main points.
A topical pattern of arrangement is most appropriate when each main point is unrelated
to the speech topic.
In a topical pattern, points can often be arranged in any order without negatively
affecting one another or the speech purpose negatively.
A speech organized in a narrative pattern rarely incorporates elements of other patterns.
Using a narrative pattern of arrangement involves conveying ideas through a story using
character, plot, and settings.
To describe a series of developments in time or a set of actions that occur sequentially, a
speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
To explain the physical arrangement of a place, an object, or an event, a speaker should
use which pattern of arrangement?
To discuss a topic in terms of its underlying causes, a speaker should use which pattern
of arrangement?
To demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem and provide justification for a
proposed solution, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
To have the freedom to move points around according to the way the speaker wishes to
present his or her topic, a speaker should use which pattern of arrangement?
To convey ideas through a story, using character, plot, settings, and imagery, use what
kind of pattern of arrangement?