Instructor Resource
Northouse, Introduction to Leadership, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
c. excludes individuals due to race and puts them at a disadvantage
d. all of these
40. Which of these statements is an example of systemic discrimination?
a. a job application that asks questions that will infer age of applicant
b. paying male employees more than female employees
c. paid leave time for Christmas but no other religious holiday
d. all of these
41. When patterns of discriminatory behavior, policies, or practices become a part of an
organization and continue to perpetuate disadvantage to those being discriminated
against it has become ______.
a. systemic
b. integral
c. requisite
d. inseparable
42. In embracing diversity and inclusion, leaders must ______.
a. address the barriers of prejudice, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and privilege within an
organization
b. take a critical look at their own biases
c. address the barriers of prejudice, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and privilege within an
organization; and take a critical look at their own biases
d. none of these
43. The tendency for individuals to place their own racial or cultural group at the center
of their observations is known as ______.
a. ethnocentrism
b. alienation
c. prejudice
d. differentiation
44. A fixed attitude, belief, or emotion held by an individual about another individual or
group that is based on faulty or unsubstantiated data is otherwise known as ______.
a. ethnocentrism
b. prejudice
c. stereotype
d. privilege
45. Vincent believes that all fans of his school’s biggest football rival are loud, rude, and
obnoxious. Vincent’s beliefs are ______.
a. ethnocentric
b. stereotyping
c. privileged
d. none of these
46. An advantage held by a person or group that is based on age, race, ethnicity,
gender, class, or another cultural dimension, which gives those who have it power over
those who do not is known as ______.
a. ethnocentrism
Instructor Resource
Northouse, Introduction to Leadership, 4e
SAGE Publishing, 2018
b. prejudice
c. stereotype
d. privilege
47. Which of the following is not a barrier to embracing diversity and inclusion?
a. privilege
b. stereotypes
c. pluralism
d. ethnocentrism
48. Which generation is more likely to focus on the unique experiences of individuals,
teamwork, and collaboration than issues of justness, in diversity?
a. Millennial
b. Boomers
c. Gen X
d. The Greatest Generation
49. ______ focuses on recognizing differences and ______ is concerned with
embracing those differences.
a. Diversity; ethnocentrism
b. Diversity; inclusion
c. Inclusion; diversity
d. Privilege; stereotyping
50. During the early years of diversity the focus was on ______.
a. righting the wrongs
b. accepting and celebrating differences
c. creating inclusive organizations
d. none of these
True/False
1. The primary dimensions of diversity are more powerful and less changeable, while
the tertiary dimensions can change, are less visible, and less influential in how they
impact our lives.
2. As Myers (2012) aptly suggests, inclusion is about “being invited to the party” and
diversity is about “being asked to dance.”
3. Pluralism means people of all races, classes, religions, and backgrounds can coexist
in one society.
4. The inclusion framework looks at an individual’s sense of belongingness and the
individuals’ sense of value towards one’s uniqueness.
5. The inclusion framework underscores that differentiation focuses primarily on
people’s differences and assimilation focuses primarily on people’s connectedness to
the whole.
6. The Systems of Inclusion: A Multilevel Analytic Framework allowed for inclusion to
occur at the societal level and work its way down to the individual as well as from the
individual back up to the societal level.
7. Ferdman’s Diversity at Work: The Practice of Inclusion addressed the four
Components of Inclusion Experience.
8. When an individual is in a staff meeting and others listen to his or her ideas, this is an
example of feeling safe within the components of the inclusion experience.
9. There are four common barriers that can hinder diversity and inclusion.
10. Privilege is a result of hard work, competence, and experience.
Essay
1. In what ways do the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity differ?
2. In the early years of the change in workplace diversity, what were the ways in which
the federal government focused on discrimination and fairness?
3. Give examples for each quadrant of the Inclusion Framework:
4. As the first component to the Inclusion Experience, explain the importance of Feeling
Safe:
5. List the levels provided by Ferdman’s Systems of Inclusion from the top to the bottom
and choose one level to provide an example in the workforce:
6. Identify the six key components of the experience of inclusion and give examples of
ways in which you can practice each component.
7. In looking at Ethnocentrism, in what ways can it be a major obstacle to effective
leadership?
8. Define Stereotype as a barrier to diversity and inclusion. Analyze how it can be
harmful as well as useful.
9. Define Privilege as a barrier to diversity and inclusion. Give an example of privilege
that you do not have. Give an example of privilege that you personally have.
10. Analyze the Leadership Snapshot of Ursula Burns specifically looking at how Xerox
addressed issues of inclusion of women in the workforce.
