A boomerang effect can happen if a persuader chooses to advance a statement that falls
within another person’s latitude of acceptance.
Dramatizing messages help group members make sense of a confusing situation.
Benhabib believes that the idea of a universal ethic is still possible.
Kramarae is certain that the language of a particular culture does not serve all of its
members equally well.
The more complex a theory, the better it is, since it more closely conforms to the real
world.
Gudykunst holds that the anxiety and uncertainty that strangers experience in a series of
initial intercultural encounters are really the same issue and both have roots in
interpersonal factors.
In a conflict, people from collectivistic cultures are generally more likely to focus on
face-restoration than face-giving.
Any form of presentation that calls attention to itself takes away from the speaker’s
proofs.
Double binds involve mutually exclusive requests.
In recent years, Bavelas has revised the axiom that communication is either
symmetrical or complementary.
In order to understand why people make the media choices they do, you must
understand what underlying needs motivate our behavior.
Face-negotiation and communication accommodation theory both address self-image
concerns.
For Hirokawa and Gouran, goal setting must occur first in the process of group
decision-making.
Most research fails to confirm the boomerang effect Sherif predicted for messages
falling deep in the latitude of rejection.
Bormann claimed that symbolic convergence holds for all people, in any culture, at any
time, in any communication context.
Coordination is only possible if persons-in-conversation agree about coherence.
Fisher believes that everyone applies the same standards of narrative rationality to
whatever stories he or she hears.
Media becomes an extension of the human self.
The dominant medium of any age shapes its people.
Boundary turbulence is the result of failed coordination.
Within the field of communication, the topic one is investigating determines the
traditions which have researched it.
In order to be classified as an effective fantasy, it needs to be positive and altruistic.
Dewey’s reflective thinking was based on the assumption that practical decisions can be
brought under more intelligent control through the process of rational inquiry.
Most practitioners agree that the terms ‘scientific” and “objective” are largely
interchangeable. Likewise, interpretive scholars all agree on the companion term of
“humanist.”
For most critics, the emphasis on prediction and explanation rather than description is
the strength of the theory.
Petronio’s CPM represents a theory-in-process as it is still being developed.
Fisher argues that only a very few types of communication are either purely descriptive
or didactic.
Support for CPM has come exclusively from interpretive and qualitatively-based
studies.
CMC stands for computer-mediated communication.
The depth of self-disclosure often increases dramatically in the final stages of
relationship deterioration.
The specific route through the four functions a group takes during the decision-making
process is crucial.
Selective exposure is not a significant factor if we do not regard the dissonant
information as a threat.
Performance ethnographies separate social interactions that are performance from those
that are not.
A sense of shared understanding that emerges in back-and-forth interaction is known
among CCO theorists as
A.Sensemaking.
B.Constitution.
C.Activity Coordination.
D.Closure.
The overt expression of physical force (with or without a weapon, against self or
others), compelling action against one’s will on pain of being hurt and/or killed or
threatened to be so victimized as part of the plot is called
A.dramatic violence.
B.dramatic license.
C.violent episode.
D.overt action.
How do CMC users develop impressions of each other?
A.through text and linguistical content of messages
B.through exchanging photos
C.by moving their relationship off-line
D.by using multiple modes of communication
Which of the following standards of scientists and humanists are somewhat similar?
A.explanation parallels value clarification
B.utility parallels reform
C.prediction parallels community of agreement
D.None of the answers are correct
Which of the following is not one of the four flows of the Communicative Constitution
of Organizations Theory?
A.Membership Negotiation
B.Self-Monitoring
C.Activity Coordination
D.Institutional Positioning
Which of the following is true of face-restoration?
A.It is the typical face strategy across collectivistic cultures, particularly in Japan.
B.It is used to preserve autonomy.
C.It is used to defend and support another’s need for inclusion.
D.It often involves self-effacement.
The process of adapting behavior to be more similar to the other person is referred to as
A.convergence.
B.divergence.
C.moderating.
D.simplifying.
Which of the following pieces of advice is offered by Bormann, regardless of one’s
group role?
A.Avoid personification which erodes a group’s character
B.Be cautious as fantasies can be unpredictable and take on a life of their own
C.Be sure dramatic messages are kept to a minimum
D.Drama that emphasis the group’s future are most beneficial
Communication Accommodation Theory was originally posited as
A.Convergence Theory.
B.Nonverbal Accommodation Theory.
C.Social Identity and Construction Theory.
D.Speech Accommodation Theory.
The basic premise or causal mechanism of uncertainty reduction theory is that:
A.People prefer to find out information about others without revealing information
about themselves.
B.People are motivated to reduce uncertainty in initial interactions.
C.People reduce their uncertainty about strangers by asking questions.
D.Most people are comfortable with ambiguity in their intimate relationships.
Which of the following is not one of the dialectical tensions that Baxter and
Montgomery address?
A.Revelation-concealment
B.Judgment-acceptance
C.Inclusion-seclusion
D.Conventionality-uniqueness
What does co-ownership mean?
A.The discloser must relinquish all sense of control for previously private information.
B.Everyone assumes equal responsibility for the information.
C.Because it is irrevocable, one should careful consider the desire to share information.
D.Those who did not choose to know something may feel an increased need to be
protective.
The “aha factor” refers to
A.situations in which men and women transcend the barriers of gender.
B.situations in which men and women discover the value of the other gender.
C.situations in which a theory is reaffirmed by one’s personal experience.
D.situations in which men attempt to override rapport talk with report talk.
“The medium is the message” suggests that
A.the channel is more influential than the content it carries.
B.television is the most effective form of communication ever invented.
C.print culture was superior to the global village.
D.television is a hot medium.
Proof of the definite chain of influence from the media to the general public was
provided by
A.Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw.
B.Ray Funkhouser.
C.Shanto Iyengar and Donald Kinder.
D.James Tankard.
Erving Goffman’s metaphor of dramaturgical performance means that
A.people are involved in a constant negotiation with others to publicly define their
identities and the nature of the situation.
B.the impression of reality fostered by a performance is a delicate, fragile thing.
C.identity is socially constructed.
D.All of the answers are correct
An important cue in peripheral processing is
A.a statistic.
B.source credibility.
C.an analogy.
D.an enthymeme.
Standpoint theorists view gender as
A.an essentialist category.
B.culturally constructed.
C.a metanarrative about which we should be skeptical.
D.None of the answers are correct
One critic of Fisher’s theory charges that his narrative paradigm
A.cannot explain why religious rhetoric is persuasive.
B.overestimates the power of the mass media’s control of the stories they tell.
C.is antidemocratic.
D.cannot explain the persuasive power of evil stories.
A statement such as “You owe me” relates to the peripheral route because it represents
A.consistency.
B.social proof.
C.reciprocation.
D.Both ‘social proof” and “reciprocation”
Semiotics is concerned with everything
A.that can be taken as a sign.
B.that has potential symbolic significance.
C.that actually exists, whether natural or artificial.
D.All of the answers are correct
Barthes labeled the ideological baggage that signs can carry as
A.annotation.
B.connotation.
C.denotation.
D.semiotician.
Instead of asking, “What do media do to people?” Katz suggested the question to ask is
A.”How should we use media?”
B.”What do people do with media?”
C.”What effect does the media have on people?”
D.”Why do people gravitate towards certain mediums?”
Griffin uses the example of the yellow ribbon to
A.illustrate a second-order semiological system.
B.argue that some signs are nonmythic.
C.suggest that new symbols arise every day.
D.demonstrate that subversive semiotic systems are eventually co-opted by mainstream
society.
Some critics charge that the concept of strong objectivity
A.is inherently contradictory.
B.is not clearly defined.
C.is not realistic.
D.is too firmly rooted in postmodern theory.
McLuhan believed that the course of history was determined by changes in
A.modes of production.
B.localities of living.
C.modes of communication.
D.conceptions of time.
Which of the following is posed by Judee Burgoon regarding communication theory?
A.A set of systemic, informed hunches about the way things work.
B.An umbrella term for all careful, systematic, and self-conscious discussion and
analysis of communication phenomena.
C.Nets cast to catch what we call “the world.”
D.Relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response.
Luke Winslow argues that through Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, the media
A.loses its credibility as a cultural critic.
B.pushes an agenda to show that the ‘system” works.
C.commoditized American life by selling products with a lifestyle.
D.is overt in its criticism of the disenfranchised.
The interactional view is problematic because
A.behavioral outcomes could be caused by many interconnected factors.
B.Watzlawick has abandoned many of his original axioms.
C.metacommunication can destroy a relationship.
D.double binds cannot be isolated for study.
The two types of uncertainty a person faces are
A.behavioral and cognitive questions.
B.maintenance and task questions.
C.interpersonal and public questions.
D.depth and breadth questions.
Another name Gerbner uses for a heavy viewer is a
A.television type.
B.video viewer.
C.tube type.
D.couch potato.
Funkhouser found that
A.the media agenda and the public agenda don’t merely reflect reality.
B.there was a cause-and-reflect relationship between the media agenda and the public
agenda.
C.media gatekeepers tend to be politically liberal.
D.the public agenda trails the media agenda by about six weeks.
Standpoint theorists reject postmodernists’
A.skepticism about Enlightenment rationality.
B.male-centered bias.
C.absolute relativism.
D.focus on economic determinism.
SIDE (Social identity-deindividuation) may describe some CMC users’ overattribution
of similarity. What is this based on?
A.a desire for acceptance coupled with minimally interaction
B.a common interest coupled with the absence of many competing cues about
individual differences
C.a strong virtual network and the absence of face-to-face interactions
D.an attraction to other CMC users and the absence of contrasting relationships
CMM has been criticized because
A.Pearce and Cronen have not been consistent with their terminology and claims.
B.Pearce and Cronen do not account for elements of human communication that are
beyond coordination and coherence.
C.Pearce and Cronen have aligned themselves too closely with Shannon and Weaver’s
model.
D.Pearce and Cronen have a tendency to overemphasize statistical methods.