1. As design engineers, whether you are designing a machine part, a toy, a frame for a
car, or a structure, the selection of material is an important design decision.
a. True
b. False
2. The structure below the earth’s surface is generally grouped into four layers; what are
they?
______________
______________
______________
______________
3. Most of the mass of the earth comes from the mantle. The mantle is made up of molten
rock that lies underneath the crust and makes up nearly 84% of the Earth’s volume.
a. True
b. False
4. In general the properties of materials may be divided into three groups:
a. electrical, mechanical, thermal
b. viscosity, density, temperature
c. resilience, toughness, heat capacity
d. none of the above
5. Material properties depend on many factors, including how the material was processed,
its age, its exact chemical composition, and any nonhomogeneity or defect within the
material.
Test Bank Engineering Fundamental, 5th ed. Chapter 17
a. True
b. False
6. The value of electrical resistivity is a measure of the resistance of material to the flow
of electricity.
a. True
b. False
7. Modulus of elasticity is a measure of how easily a material can be twisted or sheared.
a. True
b. False
8. The modulus of rigidity is a measure of how easily a material will stretch when pulled
or how well the material will shorten when pushed.
a. True
b. False
9. Steel is approximately
a. two times stiffer than aluminum alloys
b. four times stiffer than aluminum alloys
c. three times stiffer than aluminum alloys
d. ten times stiffer than aluminum alloys
10. Concrete is stronger in tension than it is in compression.
a. True
b. False
Test Bank Engineering Fundamental, 5th ed. Chapter 17
11. The strength to weight ratio is defined as
a. the ratio of the strength of the material to its weight
b. the ratio of the strength of the material to its specific weight
c. the ratio of the strength of the material to its mass
d. the ratio of the strength of the material to its modulus of elasticity
12. The coefficient of linear expansion can be used to determine the change in the length
(per original length) of a material that would occur if the temperature of the material were
changed.
a. True
b. False
13. The value of heat capacity represents the amount of thermal energy required to raise
the temperature of 1 kilogram mass of a material by 1°C. Materials with large heat
capacity values are good at storing thermal energy.
a. True
b. False
14. The lower the viscosity value is, the more resistance the fluid offers to flow.
a. True
b. False
15. Fluids with low vapor pressure values will not evaporate as quickly as those with high
values of vapor pressure.
a. True
Test Bank Engineering Fundamental, 5th ed. Chapter 17
b. False
16. Alcohol has a lower vapor pressure value than water.
a. True
b. False
17. A fluid’s ______________ represents how compressible the fluid is. How easily can
one reduce the volume of the fluid when the fluid pressure is increased?
a. modulus of rigidity
b. density
c. viscosity
d. bulk modulus
18. Which of the following materials are considered lightweight metals?
a. Aluminum
b. Titanium
c. Magnesium
d. All of the above
19. Aluminum and its alloys have densities that are approximately one-third the density
of steel.
a. True
b. False
20. Titanium has an excellent strength-to-weight-ratio. Titanium is used in applications
where relatively high temperatures, exceeding 400°C up to 600°C, are expected.
a. True
b. False
21. When copper is alloyed with zinc it is commonly called
a. brass
b. bronze
c. aluminum bronze
d. zinc-copper
22. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
a. True
b. False
23. Steel is an alloy of iron with approximately
a. 2% or less carbon
b. 20% or less carbon
c. 35% or less carbon
d. 50% or less carbon
24. High alloy steels contain more than 8% of alloying elements.
a. True
b. False
25. The 18/8 stainless steel table ware and kitchen ware products contain
Test Bank Engineering Fundamental, 5th ed. Chapter 17
a. 18% chromium and 8% copper
b. 18% copper and 8% chromium
c. 18% chromium and 8% aluminum
d. 18% chromium and 8% nickel
26. Cast iron is considered a ductile material.
a. True
b. False
27. Concrete is commonly reinforced with steel bars or steel mesh to
a. increase its rigidity
b. increase its weight
c. increase its load bearing capacity
d. none of the above
28. What is normally called concrete consists of three main ingredients: aggregate,
cement, and water.
a. True
b. False
29. Concrete is stronger in tension than it is in compression.
a. True
b. False
30. Precast concrete slabs, blocks, and structural members are fabricated in less time with
less cost in factory settings where surrounding conditions are controlled.
Test Bank Engineering Fundamental, 5th ed. Chapter 17
a. True
b. False
31. Wood is an anisotropic material, meaning that its properties are direction-dependent.
a. True
b. False
32. In general, under axial loading (when pulled), wood is stronger in a direction parallel
to the grain than it is in a direction across the grain.
a. True
b. False
33. Wood is stronger in a direction normal to the grain when it is bent.
a. True
b. False
34. In general, the higher the density of wood the lower the strength.
a. True
b. False
35. Timber is commonly classified as
a. softwood
b. hardwood
c. medium density fiber
d. softwood and hardwood
36. Polymers are the backbone of what we call plastics.
a. True
b. False
37. Plastics are often classified into two categories:
a. foams and vinyls
b. thermoplastics and thermosets
c. flexible and rigid
d. transparent and opaque
38. Silicone is a synthetic compound that is commonly used in lubricants, varnishes, and
waterproofing products.
a. True
b. False
39. Silicon is a nonmetallic chemical element that is used in the manufacture of
transistors and electronic computer chips.
a. True
b. False
40. The most widely used form of glass is soda-lime-silica glass.
a. True
b. False
41. Which type of glass has the higher coefficient of thermal expansion?
a. Ordinary glass
b. Silica glass
c. None of the above
42. Which type of glass is better in high-temperature applications?
a. Ordinary glass
b. Silica glass
43. Metallic oxides are added to give glass various colors.
a. True
b. False
44. Fiber optics is the branch of science that deals with transmitting data, voice, and
images through thin plastic or glass fibers.
a. True
b. False
45. Composites are created by combing two or more solid materials to make a new
material that has properties that are superior to those of the individual components.
a. True
b. False
Test Bank Engineering Fundamental, 5th ed. Chapter 17
46. Composite materials consist of two main ingredients: matrix material and fibers.
a. True
b. False
47. Examples of fibers used in the construction of composite materials include
a. glass
b. graphite
c. silicon carbide fibers
d. all of above
48. Composites may be classified into
a. polymer-matrix composites
b. metal-matrix composites
c. ceramic-matrix composites
d. all of above
49. The term fluids refers to liquids, not gases.
a. True
b. False
50. Air and water are among the most abundant fluids on earth.
a. True
b. False
51. Air is a mixture of mostly oxygen, and small amounts of other gases.
a. True
b. False
52. The air surrounding the earth can be divided into four distinct regions:
________________
________________
________________
________________
53. The layer of air closest to the earth’s surface is called the troposphere and plays an
important role in shaping our weather.
a. True
b. False
54. Air is often used
a. as a cooling and heating medium.
b. in controlling thermal comfort in buildings.
c. as a controlling medium to turn equipment on and off.
d. to drive power tools.
e. all of the above
55. The earth’s atmosphere, which we refer to as air, is a mixture of approximately
a. 78% oxygen, 21% nitrogen, and less than 1% carbon dioxide.
b. 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and less than 1% argon.
c. 78% oxygen, 21% carbon dioxide, and less than 1% helium.
Test Bank Engineering Fundamental, 5th ed. Chapter 17
d. 78% oxygen, 21% water vapor, and less than 1% ozone.
56. Most of the ultraviolet radiation arriving on earth from the sun is absorbed by
a. air.
b. nitrogen.
c. water vapor.
d. ozone.
57. There are two common ways of expressing the amount of water vapor in air:
a. dew point and relative humidity.
b. dew point and absolute humidity.
c. absolute humidity and relative humidity.
d. none of the above
58. The ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air is known as
a. dew point.
b. absolute humidity.
c. relative humidity.
d. none of the above
59. The ratio of the amount of moisture in the air to the maximum amount of moisture
that air can hold is known as
a. dew point.
b. absolute humidity.
c. relative humidity.
d. none of the above
60. Most people feel comfortable when the relative humidity is around
a. 10% to 30%
b. 30% to 50%
c. 50% to 70%
d. 70% to 90%
61. The higher the air temperature, the less water vapor the air can hold before it is fully
saturated.
a. True
b. False
62. Approximately what fraction of the earth’s surface is covered with water?
a.
4
1
b.
3
1
c.
2
1
d.
3
2
63. Surface water refers to water in reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and streams.
a. True
b. False
64. Groundwater refers to water that has collected on the ground.
a. True
b. False
65. Water is a common engineering material.
Test Bank Engineering Fundamental, 5th ed. Chapter 17
a. True
b. False
66. Mechanical engineers need to understand the thermophysical properties of liquid
water and steam when designing power plants.
a. true
b. false
67. Water is used as a cutting tool to cut stone and steel.
a. True
b. False