23) The atomic radius can be measured by x-ray diffraction.
24) The atom size decreases as one proceeds from top to bottom down a group.
25) +1 is the only charge sodium ions normally have.
26) If an element has a small electron affinity value it can easily lose an electron.
27) Halogens have large electron affinity values.
28) Should an oxygen atom (O) gain two electrons, it would then have the same ground state
electronic configuration as an atom of neon (Ne), thus satisfying the octet rule.
29) A non-metal is an element that tends to gain valence electrons in chemical reactions
becoming a cation in the process.
30) H+ has one electron.
31) Carbon can assume both +4 and -4 charges.
32) One example of a d orbital looks like a four-leaf clover.
33) Modern scientists accept the notion that electrons are found in circular orbits around a
central, positively charged nucleus.
34) Modern atomic theory places electrons into complex mathematical probability functions
called “orbitals.”
35) Shells get larger as the principal quantum number n increases.
36) The 95% boundary indicates the area where 95% of the time the electron may be found.
4.3 Short Answer Questions
1) Write the complete electronic ground state configuration for tellurium (Te). Make sure the
terms in your answer are listed in order of increasing energy.
2) List the sublevels of the n = 3 principal energy level, and state the maximum number of
electrons contained within each of these sublevels.
3) Which element is the more reactive, sodium (Na) or potassium (K)?
4) Write the complete electronic ground state configuration of the Se2- ion. Which other element
(if any) shares this electronic configuration?
20
4.4 Matching Questions
Match the outermost occupied orbital(s) in the first column with the corresponding element in
the second column.
A) Cu
B) Dy
C) Sr
D) Th
E) Mn
F) Br
G) Xe
1) 5s2
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron
configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
2) 4p5
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron
configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
3) 3d5
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron
configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
4) 4s13d10
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron
configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
5) 5p6
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron
configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
6) 6s24f10
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron
configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
7) 7s26d2
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron
configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
22
Classify each of the following as ground state, excited state, or impossible electronic
configurations.
A) Excited State
B) Ground State
C) Impossible State
8) 1s22s22p63s13p3
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.5 Explain the difference between a ground state and an excited state
electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
9) 1s22s22p63s23p8
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.5 Explain the difference between a ground state and an excited state
electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
10) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.5 Explain the difference between a ground state and an excited state
electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
11) 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p1
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.5 Explain the difference between a ground state and an excited state
electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
12) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.5 Explain the difference between a ground state and an excited state
electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
13) 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d104p1
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.5 Explain the difference between a ground state and an excited state
electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
23
14) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d12
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.5 Explain the difference between a ground state and an excited state
electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
24
Match each element in the first column with the most likely valence charge of its ion in the
second column.
A) (+4 or -4)
B) (0)
C) (-2)
D) (+1)
E) (+2)
F) (-3)
G) (+3)
H) (-1)
15) Li
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion and
4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
16) O
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
17) S
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
18) C1
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
19) Si
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
20) Ba
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
25
21) N
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
22) Br
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
23) Cs
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
24) Ne
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
25) Al
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
26) P
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
27) Ca
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
28) I
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
26
29) He
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion
and 4.10a Identify the period, group, and valence electrons given an electron configuration.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
27
Match the following species in the first column with the corresponding electronic configuration
in the second column.
A) 1s22s22p63s2
B) 1s22s22p63s23p2
C) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
D) 1s22s22p63s23p1
E) 1s22s22p63s23p4
F) 1s22s22p63s23p6
G) 1s22s22p6
H) 1s22s22p63s23p5
30) Mg
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
31) Mg2+
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
32) Ca
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
33) Ca2+
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
34) Al
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
35) Si
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
36) Si4+
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
37) Si4-
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
38) S
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
39) S4+
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
40) S6+
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
41) S2-
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
42) N3-
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
43) C1
Section: Section 4.5
Learning Outcome: 4.9 Write the ground state electron configuration for an atom and an ion.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
29
Match every binary compound in the first column with the correct coefficient of x and y in the
second column.
A) x = 2, y = 1
B) x = 1, y = 2
C) x = 2, y = 3
D) x = 4, y = 1
E) x = 1, y = 1 or x =1, y = 2
F) x = 3, y = 2
G) x = 1, y = 3
H) x = 1, y = 4
I) x = 3, y = 1
J) x = 1, y = 1
44) AlxCly
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
45) NaxSy
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
46) MgxOy
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
47) CaxNy
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
48) CxCly
Section: Section 4.7
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
30
49) LixCy
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
50) AlxSy
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
51) PxHy
Section: Section 4.7
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
52) CxOy
Section: Section 4.7
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
53) LixNy
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
54) NaxOy
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
55) BxFy
Section: Section 4.7
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
56) BaxCly
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
57) LixHy
Section: Section 4.7
Learning Outcome: 4.14e Predict the formula of a compound formed from a metal and a
nonmetal using the Octet Rule.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Match the scientist in the left column with his contribution.
A) Proposed that the electrons inside of an atom could only have specific, discrete amounts of
energy.
B) Proposed energy quantization to explain the energy characteristics of light emitted by heated
objects.
C) Developed the model of an atom.
D) Suggested the existence of a tiny, massive positively charged nucleus.
58) Max Planck
Section: Section 4.24.3 Explain what is meant by “Quantized Energy.”
Learning Outcome:
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
59) Niels Bohr
Section: Section 4.2
Learning Outcome: 4.4 Describe Bohr’s shells (orbits) and how they relate to quantized energy
and n.
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
60) Ernest Rutherford
Section: Section 4.8
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
61) Erwin Schrödinger
Section: Section 4.8
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.