General Chemistry, 11e (Petrucci)
Chapter 22 Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements II: Groups 18, 17, 16, 15, and
Hydrogen
1) The noble gas Xe is obtained commercially from air by fractional distillation.
2) The noble gas Xe is completely unreactive.
3) “Halogen” means “soluble salts.”
4) Halogen molecules are diatomic.
5) Oxygen is obtained commercially from air by fractional distillation.
6) Selenium is obtained by the Frasch process.
7) Both bismuth and arsenic are obtained from their sulfide ores.
8) Hydrogen compounds are called hybrids.
9) Hydrogen bonded with any metals form compounds called ionic hydrides.
10) Nitrogen is obtained from air by fractional distillation.
11) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Compounds with xenon in several oxidation states have been formed.
B) The eight outer shell electrons cause chemical inertness.
C) Xenon reacts directly only with fluorine.
D) Noble gases exist as diatomic molecules.
E) Most noble gas compounds contain either fluorine or oxygen.
12) Choose the INCORRECT oxidation state for xenon in the listed molecule.
A) XeF2/+2
B) XeO3/+4
C) XeF6/+6
D) XeO4/+8
E) XeOF2/+4
13) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Xenon compounds in several different oxidation states have been formed.
B) The noble gas compounds are very stable.
C) Xenon compounds are excellent reducing agents.
D) The Noble gas (except helium) electron configuration has ns2np6.
E) Although predicted in the 1930s, it was 1962 before noble gas compounds were made.
14) The VSEPR theory predicts molecular shapes for the noble gas compounds. Which of these is correct?
I) XeF2 is linear.
II) XeOF2 is T-shaped.
III) XeF4 is square planar.
A) I, II and III
B) I and II
C) I only
D) II only
E) III only
15) Choose the INCORRECT name/symbol combination.
A) Xe xenon
B) Ne neon
C) Kr krypton
D) Ar argon
E) Ra radon
16) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Argon forms compounds readily.
B) Argon, xenon, krypton, neon, helium, and radon are called noble gases.
C) Liquid helium is used to maintain low temperatures.
D) Metals that lose their electrical resistivity are called superconductors.
E) Radon is a radioactive element.
17) Which of the following has the lowest boiling point?
A) bromine
B) fluorine
C) iodine
D) chlorine
E) astatine
18) Bromine can be produced by:
A) oxidizing Cl2 with Br–
B) oxidizing Br– with Cl2
C) oxidizing Br– with I2
D) oxidizing I– with Br–
E) oxidizing F– with Br–
19) Which of the following has the highest boiling point?
A) bromine
B) chlorine
C) fluorine
D) iodine
E) astatine
20) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Halogens exist as diatomic molecules.
B) Group 17 (7A) are the halogens.
C) Halogens have relatively low melting and boiling points.
D) Fluorine is the most reactive halogen.
E) Fluorine has a low electronegativity and large radius.
21) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) By electrode potentials, fluorine is the least reactive halogen.
B) Chlorine is prepared industrially by the electrolysis of NaCl.
C) Fluorine is usually prepared by electrolysis.
D) Bromine can be extracted from seawater.
E) Iodine is obtained commercially from inland brines or from sodium iodate deposits.
22) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Chlorofluorocarbon production has been banned by many countries.
B) Chlorine is used to make bleach, PVC, treat water, and make chemicals.
C) Bromine is used in fire retardants, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and film.
D) Iodine is used in catalysts, medicine and film.
E) Fluorinated organic compounds are very reactive.
23) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) HI is a strong acid
B) HF is a strong acid
C) HCl is a strong acid
D) HBr is a strong acid
E) HF will etch glass
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24) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Fluorine adopts the -1 oxidation state when it forms compounds.
B) In binary compounds with metals, the oxidation state of halogens is -1.
C) Halogen ions commonly exhibit a charge of +1.
D) Iodine can have oxidation states of +1, +3, +5 and +7 in compounds where iodine is bonded to oxygen
and/or fluorine.
E) HClO is hypochlorous acid.
25) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Perbromic acid is HBrO4.
B) Bromite ion is BrO2–.
C) Iodate ion is IO3–.
D) Hypochlorite ion is ClO–.
E) Hydrochloric acid is HClO2.
26) Which of the following is found in Teflon, Freon-12, and in the acid commonly used to etch glass?
A) carbon
B) chlorine
C) fluorine
D) hydrogen
E) oxygen
27) Which of the following forms a complete set of oxyacids in which it exhibits the oxidation states of +1,
+3, +5, and +7?
A) fluorine
B) chlorine
C) bromine
D) iodine
E) astatine
28) Iodine is only very slightly soluble in water, but it dissolves readily in an aqueous solution of sodium
iodide, because molecular iodine acts as:
A) a Lewis base to form a coordinate covalent bond with Na+ ion
B) a reducing agent with water, to form the soluble I+ ion
C) an oxidizing agent with I– ion to form the soluble I3+ ion
D) a Lewis acid to form a coordinate covalent bond with I– ion
E) a catalyst for the disproportionation of water
29) What is one of the important uses of KClO4?
A) explosives
B) adhesives
C) lubricants
D) metal finishing
E) skin cleaning
30) Which element forms the largest variety of oxoanions?
A) S
B) Cl
C) P
D) Br
E) I
31) HI(g) has a ΔGf° that is small and positive, so HI should dissociate to some extent but its activation
energy is high. HI(g) is stable at room temperature. Chemists would describe the reason for the very slow
dissociation reaction as:
A) thermodynamically controlled
B) the ΔGf° is wrong
C) the reaction is not slow
D) the reaction is kinetically controlled
E) the molecules can collide with each other
32) Using VSEPR theory, which of the following descriptions of probable molecular geometry is
INCORRECT?
A) SF6/octahedral
B) SiCl4/tetrahedral
C) BF3/trigonal planar
D) SnCl4/tetrahedral
E) ClF3/pyramidal
33) Which of these is the strongest oxidizing agent?
A) HClO2
B) HClO3
C) HClO4
D) KClO3
E) KClO4
34) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) H2O has a high boiling point because of covalent bonding.
B) Sulfur can form S8 molecules.
C) Compounds with O-O bonds are reactive.
D) H2O is a bent molecule.
E) H2O is a polar molecule.
35) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) The Frasch process is a method of mining sulfur.
B) Photoconductivity is the production of photons by the use of electricity.
C) Selenium displays the property of photoconductivity.
D) Polonium is a rare radioactive metal.
E) Sulfur is used in vulcanizing rubber, as a pesticide and to produce sulfuric acid.
36) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Oleum is SO3(g) dissolved in H2SO4.
B) Oleum is called fuming sulfuric acid.
C) Sulfuric and sulfurous acids are monoprotic.
D) Acid salts are compounds formed from polyprotic acids by neutralizing one hydrogen.
E) Thio in a name denotes that one oxygen is replaced by a sulfur.
37) Choose the INCORRECT name/formula combination.
A) carbon dioxide CO2
B) potassium superoxide KO2
C) dioxygen O2
D) carbon monoxide C2O
E) trioxygen O3
38) Ozone and “ordinary” oxygen are examples of:
A) allotropes
B) isotopes
C) isomers
D) phalaropes
E) tropomers
39) Which of the following name/formula combinations is INCORRECT?
A) dioxygen/O2
B) familiar oxygen/O
C) trioxygen/O3
D) carbon dioxide/CO2
E) potassium superoxide/KO2
40) Which of the following exists in more different allotropic forms than any other element?
A) xenon
B) tellurium
C) sulfur
D) phosphorus
E) oxygen
41) The Frasch process for the production of elemental sulfur has been largely supplanted by a gas-phase
process using the reduction of sulfur dioxide by:
A) H2S(g)
B) H2O(g)
C) CS2(g)
D) H2SO4(g)
E) O3(g)
42) Which name/formula combination is INCORRECT?
A) tetrathionate/S4O62-
B) sulfurous acid/H2SO3
C) thiosulfate/S2O32-
D) calcium sulfite/CaSO4
E) sodium sulfide/Na2S
43) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of potassium superoxide with carbon dioxide to produce
oxygen.
A) KO(s) + CO2(g) → O2(g) + K(s) + CO(g)
B) K2O(s) + CO2(g) → O2(g) + K(s) + KCO(s)
C) KO2 + CO2(g) → 2 O2(g) + KC(s)
D) 4 KO2(s) + 2 CO2(g) → 2 K2CO3(s) + 3 O2(g)
E) 2 KO2(s) + CO2(g) → K2C(s) + 3O2(g)
44) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Industrial smog consists of ash, smoke, SO2(g) and H2SO4 mist.
B) Group 15 (5A) is interesting because it has both nonmetals and metals in the family.
C) The Group 15 (5A) electron configuration is ns2np3.
D) As, Sb, and Si occur in the -3 oxidation state.
E) P, Ar and Sb exhibit allotropy.
45) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Sb and As are usually referred to as metalloids.
B) Nitrogen is obtained by fractional distillation of liquefied air.
C) Phosphorus is important in fertilizers.
D) As and Sb are used in semiconductor materials.
E) Nitrides are compounds of nitrogen in the 3+ oxidation state.
46) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Acid anhydrides plus water generate an acid.
B) H5P3O10 is diphosphoric acid or pyrophosphoric acid.
C) H3PO3 is phosphorous acid.
D) H3PO4 is phosphoric acid.
E) Phosphorus is very important in biochemistry as ADP and ATP.
47) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Eutrophication is the process by which a freshwater body becomes filled with algae and depleted of
fish.
B) Eutrophication can be hastened by phosphate fertilizers.
C) P3H is phosphine.
D) Carbon has the allotropes, graphite and diamond.
E) Graphite can be used as a lubricant because layers of molecules slide over other layers of molecules.
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48) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Hydroxylammine, NH2OH, is a weak acid.
B) Laughing gas, an anesthetic used in dentistry, is N2O.
C) Nitrogen forms oxides with oxidation states that range between +1 and +5.
D) Azides contain the N3– ion.
E) An acid anhydride reacts with water to form an acid.
49) Choose the INCORRECT name/formula combination.
A) dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5
B) nitrogen monoxide NO
C) nitrogen dioxide N2O2
D) dinitrogen monoxide N2O
E) nitric acid HNO3
50) Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A) Hydrazine is N2H2.
B) Hydroxylamine is NH2OH.
C) Hydrazine and its derivatives are used as rocket fuels.
D) HN3 is hydrazoic acid.
E) Nitrogen is a key element in organic and biochemical molecules.
51) Which element is in a family that contains a metal, a nonmetal, and a metalloid?
A) chlorine
B) nitrogen
C) iodine
D) calcium
E) none of these
52) Which of the following oxides is neither acidic nor amphoteric?
A) As2O5
B) Bi2O3
C) N2O3
D) P4O6
E) Sb2O3
53) Which of the following is stored under water because of its property of igniting spontaneously upon
contact with air?
A) P4 (white phosphorus)
B) S8 (yellow sulfur)
C) Pb3O4 (“red lead”)
D) K (potassium metal)
E) I2 (crystalline iodine)
54) Which formula/name combination is INCORRECT?
A) NaN3/sodium nitride
B) N2H4/hydrazine
C) HONH2/hydroxylamine
D) Mg(N3)2/magnesium azide
E) PH3/phosphine
55) “Red” phosphorus is insoluble in carbon disulfide, has a broad melting range and a very low vapor
pressure, and does not conduct electricity. This evidence suggests that this substance is probably:
A) crystalline and metallic
B) a crystal of P4 molecule units
C) amorphous and polymeric
D) P4+ ions in a “sea” of electrons
E) cubic closest-packed unbonded P atoms