61) Which of the following is most easily oxidized?
A) Ni
B) Pb
C) Li
D) Cr
62) Which of the following is most easily oxidized?
A) Fe
B) Al
C) Cu
D) Au
63) The equation for rust formation is ________.
A) 4 Fe + 3 O2 + 2 H2O → 2 Fe2O3 + H2O
B) 2 Fe + O2 → 2 FeO
C) MnO2 + 2 Fe → Mn + 2 FeO
D) CuO + Fe → Cu + FeO
64) Which of the following reactions is a combustion reaction?
A) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
B) AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3
C) CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
D) CaO + CO2 → CaCO3
65) Which of the following reactions is not an oxidation-reduction reaction?
A) 2 Na + H2O → 2 NaOH + H2
B) Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2
C) CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
D) CaO + CO2 → CaCO3
10.2 True/False Questions
1) Electricity is the flow of electrons.
2) In a chemical reaction the easiest electrons to be transferred are the core electrons (also called
inner shell electrons).
3) When drawing dot structures, lone pairs of electrons are assigned completely to the atom on
which they are drawn on the dot diagram.
4) In a chemical bond the less electronegative element gets complete ownership of both the
shared electrons.
6) In S2- the sulfur anion has 16 electrons.
19
7) Ca2+, K+ and Cl– have the same number of electrons.
8) The oxidation state of an atom in its natural occurring elemental form is always equal to zero.
9) The only tetraatomic element is sulfur.
10) All four halogens, F, Cl, Br and I, are diatomic in their free state.
11) The oxygen anion almost always has the charge of -2.
12) The sum of the oxidation states of all atoms in a formula must add up to the overall charge of
the formula.
13) The overall charge of calcium sulfate is -2.
14) The highest oxidation state that sulfur can have is +6.
15) The lowest oxidation state sulfur can have is in the sulfite form.
16) The oxidation state of metals is almost always a positive number.
17) The oxidation state of non-metals is almost always a negative number.
18) A reducing agent is itself oxidized.
19) The cathode is the electrode where oxidation occurs.
20) The cathode is called the positive electrode.
21) A spontaneous electrochemical cell is called a galvanic cell.
22) More active metals lose electrons to ions of less active metals.
23) Corrosion of a ship’s hull can be inhibited if another metal that is more active is attached to
the hull.
10.3 Short Answer Questions
1) Assign the oxidation state of:
a) each rhenium, in Re2O7
b) zirconium, in ZrCl4
c) sulfur in Na2S2O3
d) iodine in KIO3
2) Assign the oxidation state of:
a) barium, in BaCl2
b) sodium, in Na2O
c) selenium, in H2SeO3
d) aluminum, in Al2O3
3) Assign oxidation states to each of the atoms in the following chemical species:
a) SiO2
b) NO–
c) TlCl
d) V2O5
4) Assign oxidation states to each of the atoms in the following chemical species:
a) H2S
b) Cu2S
c) HBrO2
d) KHCO3
5) Which of the reactions above are examples of electron transfer reactions?
(a) Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → 2H2O + BaSO4
(b) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
(c) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
(d) C2H6O + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
6) For each reaction above that can be classified as an electron transfer reaction, state which
element(s) gain, and which element(s) lose, electrons.
(a) Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → 2H2O + BaSO4
(b) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
(c) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
(d) C2H6O + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
7) Train tracks, iron rails,are difficult to weld. Large pieces of iron, like train tracks, can be
“spot-welded” by placing a mixture of powdered aluminum and iron (III) oxide between the two
pieces of iron and adding to that a small amount of sulfuric acid to get a reaction started.
a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of aluminum and iron (III) oxide (ignore
the role of sulfuric acid in this).
b) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents.
c) Identify the oxidation and reduction products.
24
10.4 Matching Questions
Match each element in every anion in the left column with its oxidation state that appears in the
right column.
A) -1
B) 0
C) -3
D) -2
E) +6
F) +3
G) +7
H) +2
I) +4
J) +5
1) manganese in potassium permanganate
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
2) phosphorus in magnesium phosphate
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
3) carbon in the sodium bicarbonate
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
4) chlorine in hydrochloric acid
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
5) chromium in potassium chromate
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
6) sulfur in sulfuric acid
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
7) oxygen in water
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
8) iron in iron (III) chloride
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
9) iron in iron metal
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
10) bromine in potassium bromide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
11) magnesium in magnesium hydroxide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
12) oxygen in hydrogen peroxide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
13) nitrogen in ammonia
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
14) carbon in carbon dioxide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
Match each cation in the left column with its corresponding number of electrons that appears in
the right column.
A) 54
B) 2
C) 10
D) 18
15) magnesium ion
Section: Section 10.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
16) lithium ion
Section: Section 10.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
17) aluminum ion
Section: Section 10.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
18) calcium ion
Section: Section 10.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
19) sodium ion
Section: Section 10.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
20) potassium ion
Section: Section 10.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
21) barium ion
Section: Section 10.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
22) cesium ion
Section: Section 10.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
27
Match each element in the left column with its most likely oxidation state in the right column.
A) +2
B) -1
C) -3, +3, 5
D) -2
E) +4,-4
F) +3
G) +1
H) -3
23) magnesium
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
24) aluminum
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
25) oxygen
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
26) chlorine
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
27) potassium
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
28) barium
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
29) nitrogen
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
30) sulfur
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
31) fluorine
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
32) strontium
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
33) carbon
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
34) arsenic
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Match each compound in the left column with the corresponding chlorine oxidation state that
appears in the right column.
A) +3
B) +5
C) -1
D) +1
E) +7
35) sodium chloride
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
36) sodium hypochlorite
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
37) sodium chlorate
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
38) sodium chlorite
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
39) sodium perchlorate
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
Match each compound in the left column with the corresponding sulfur oxidation state that
appears in the right column.
A) +4
B) 0
C) +6
D) +2
E) -2
40) sodium sulfite
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
41) sodium sulfate
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
42) sodium sulfide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
43) sulfur dioxide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
44) sulfur, S8
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
45) sulfur dichloride
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
Match each compound in the left column with the corresponding nitrogen oxidation state that
appears in the right column.
A) +3
B) +5
C) 0
D) +4
E) +2
F) -3
46) sodium nitrite
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
47) sodium nitrate
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
48) sodium nitride
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
49) nitrogen dioxide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
50) nitrogen gas
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
51) dinitrogen pentoxide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
52) nitrogen monoxide
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
Match each compound in the left column with the corresponding carbon oxidation state that
appears in the right column.
A) +4
B) -4
C) 0
D) +2
E) -1
53) Na2CO3
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
54) C60
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
55) C2H2
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
56) CO
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.
57) CH4
Section: Section 10.2
Learning Outcome: 10.1 Assign oxidation states to atoms in compounds and molecules.
Global Obj: G4 Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in chemistry.