Introductory Chemistry: Atoms First, 5e (Russo/Silver)
Chapter 1 What Is Chemistry?
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following can be classified as matter?
A) ice
B) sugar
C) graphite
D) All of the above are matter.
2) Which of the following cannot be classified as matter?
A) air
B) temperature
C) fog
D) oxygen molecule
3) Which of the following may not be classified as matter?
A) tooth filling
B) sand
C) heat
D) seawater
4) Which of the following is a pure, elemental substance?
A) Br2(l)
B) SO2(g)
C) H2O(l)
D) air
5) Which of the following is a pure substance?
A) blood
B) block of aluminum
C) air
D) orange juice
6) Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
A) sand
B) copper
C) air
D) sugar
7) What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?
A) pure substance
B) compound
C) solution
D) element
8) Dirt is an example of a(n) ________.
A) homogeneous mixture
B) heterogeneous mixture
C) compound
D) element
9) Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
A) seawater
B) steel
C) milk
D) chicken noodle soup
10) What is the name given to the element with the symbol “P”?
A) polonium
B) protactinium
C) phosphorus
D) palladium
11) What is the name of the element whose symbol is “Co”?
A) carbon
B) chromium
C) coal
D) cobalt
12) What is the name given to the element with the symbol “K“?
A) kallium
B) potassium
C) phosphorus
D) krypton
13) What is the name given to the element with the symbol “As”?
A) silver
B) argon
C) antimony
D) arsenic
E) astatine
14) By what chemical symbol do we know the element chromium?
A) Cr
B) Co
C) C
D) Cs
15) What chemical symbol has been given to the element sodium?
A) S
B) K
C) Na
D) Sr
16) By what chemical symbol do we know the element magnesium?
A) Mn
B) Ma
C) M
D) Mg
17) Which element pair is incorrect?
A) Au – gold
B) Pb – iron
C) Ag – silver
D) Hg – mercury
E) Mg – magnesium
18) What is the correct statement about an atom?
A) It is always pure.
B) It is the smallest particle of an element.
C) It is the smallest particle of a molecule.
D) All atoms have protons, electrons, and neutrons.
19) Which of the following is a compound?
A) F2(g)
B) O2(g)
C) Na(s)
D) H2O2(l)
20) Which of the following represents a physical property?
A) Sodium metal is extremely reactive with chlorine gas.
B) Mercury is a shiny liquid at room temperature.
C) The tendency of aluminum to “oxidize”
D) The flammability of butane fuel.
E) The unreactive nature of argon gas
21) Which of the following represents a physical change only?
A) steel turning to rust in salt air
B) liquid water freezing into ice cubes
C) milk turning “sour”
D) wood burning to form ashes
22) Which of the following represents a physical change only?
A) barbecuing a steak
B) adding electricity to water to produce hydrogen and oxygen gas
C) condensing of steam
D) burning a propane camping stove
23) The “disappearance” of mothballs is an example of ________.
A) melting
B) vaporization
C) condensation
D) sublimation
24) The term used to describe the conversion from a gaseous state to a liquid state is ________.
A) melting
B) vaporization
C) condensation
D) sublimation
25) The term used to describe the conversion from a liquid state to a gaseous state is ________.
A) melting
B) vaporization
C) condensation
D) sublimation
26) Which of the following represents a chemical change?
A) sugar dissolving into hot coffee
B) ice melting to form liquid water
C) water boiling to form steam
D) steel turning to rust in salt air
27) Which of the following represents a chemical change?
A) sublimation of dry ice
B) molding solid silver
C) frying an egg
D) breaking a piece of glass
28) Which of the following represents a chemical property of a specific metal?
A) It has magnetic properties.
B) It melts at 800 °C.
C) Its density is higher than that of water.
D) When in contact with air it corrodes.
29) Which of the following is not a chemical property of carbon dioxide?
A) It is a critical component in photosynthesis.
B) It is used in fire extinguishers because it does not support combustion.
C) It is used to pump up bicycle tires.
D) It is reacts with water to form carbonic acid.
30) The only way one can change an element to another is via ________.
A) a chemical change
B) a physical reaction
C) a nuclear transformation
D) applying heat
31) Which term best completes this definition?
An attempt to explain why a law exists is a(n) ________.
A) experiment
B) law
C) theory
D) model
1.2 True/False Questions
1) Iced tea, with sugar completely dissolved in it, is an example of a homogeneous mixture.
2) Air is a homogeneous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.
3) Tap water is a homogeneous mixture, while freshly distilled water is a compound.
4) The earth, taken together as a unit, may be considered one very large piece of heterogeneous
matter.
5) Water is heterogeneous matter because it is made from twice as much hydrogen as oxygen
(H2O).
6) A compound is a pure substance made from atoms of two or more different elements.
7) The smallest possible piece of gold which still retains all the properties of gold is a cube shape
containing eight gold atoms.
8) The chemical compounds CO and CO2 have exactly the same properties, because both are
made from carbon and oxygen.
9) If 1 gram of ice needs a certain amount of heat to melt, the same amount of energy must be
removed to convert it back to ice at its melting point.
10) Evaporated ethanol can be isolated by cooling, without changing its disinfectant properties.
11) When milk goes “sour,” only a physical change has occurred.
12) Cooking vegetables with steam is a chemical process.
13) It is scientifically proper to construct a theory without then doing any experiments to test it.
14) A theory summarizes facts.
15) A physical picture used to illustrate a theory is a model.
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1.3 Matching Questions
Match the substances in the left column with their classification in the right column.
A) heterogeneous mixture
B) element
C) homogeneous mixture
D) compound
1) Lemonade (without pulp)
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2 Define the types of mixtures in terms of the types of matter.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
2) Oil-vinegar salad dressing
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2 Define the types of mixtures in terms of the types of matter.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
3) Diamond
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe how an elemental substance differs from a compound.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
4) Distilled water
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe how an elemental substance differs from a compound.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
5) Table salt
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe how an elemental substance differs from a compound.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
6) Intravenous liquid
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2 Define the types of mixtures in terms of the types of matter.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
12
7) Breakfast cereal with milk
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2 Define the types of mixtures in terms of the types of matter.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
8) Chlorine gas
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe how an elemental substance differs from a compound.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
9) Brass
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2 Define the types of mixtures in terms of the types of matter.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
10) Golden nugget
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe how an elemental substance differs from a compound.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
11) sugar
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe how an elemental substance differs from a compound.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
12) sand and salt
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2 Define the types of mixtures in terms of the types of matter.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
13) Gasoline
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2 Define the types of mixtures in terms of the types of matter.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
14) chocolate chip cookies
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.2 Define the types of mixtures in terms of the types of matter.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
13
15) mercury
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe how an elemental substance differs from a compound.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
16) Vitamin C
Section: Section 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe how an elemental substance differs from a compound.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
Match the element in the first column with the symbol on the right.
A) Po
B) Pd
C) Pt
D) K
E) Pu
F) Pa
G) P
17) Potassium
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
18) Polonium
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
19) Phosphorus
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
20) Plutonium
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
21) Platinum
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
22) Palladium
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
23) Protactinium
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
Match the element in the first column with the symbol on the right.
A) N
B) Ne
C) Nd
D) Ni
E) No
24) Nitrogen
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
25) Neodymium
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
26) Nobelium
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
27) Neon
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
28) Nickel
Section: Section 1.2
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills.
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Match the event in the left column with the name of the process in the right column.
A) vaporization
B) melting
C) condensation
D) freezing
E) sublimation
29) The pond ices in winter.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
30) Mothballs disappear when placed between clothes.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
31) Water droplets form on the mirror of the medicine cabinet while taking a shower.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
32) While heating water in a tea kettle, part of it disappears.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
33) Ice cream liquefies on a hot day.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
34) The block of dry ice in an ice cream parlor starts smoking once the store attendant opens the
ice cream freezer.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
35) Margarine is transformed into a liquid while frying an egg.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
36) Water is collected in the gas tank of a car in a humid day.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
37) Water changes to ice in the freezer.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
38) Liquid nitrogen is transformed into a colorless gas.
Section: Section 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
18
Match the definition in the first column with the term in the second column.
A) model
B) law
C) hypothesis
D) experiment
E) chemical change
F) bias
G) scientific method
H) physical change
I) theory
39) Baking bread
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.6 Explain what happens to a substance or substances after they undergo a
chemical change.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
40) Iron rusting
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.6 Explain what happens to a substance or substances after they undergo a
chemical change.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
41) Paper burning
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.6 Explain what happens to a substance or substances after they undergo a
chemical change.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
42) Mixing ammonia and bleach
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.6 Explain what happens to a substance or substances after they undergo a
chemical change.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
43) Mothballs subliming
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
19
44) Cooking of an egg
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.6 Explain what happens to a substance or substances after they undergo a
chemical change.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
45) Molding iron
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
46) Digesting a sandwich
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.6 Explain what happens to a substance or substances after they undergo a
chemical change.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
47) Water boiling
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
48) Gasoline combusting in an engine.
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.6 Explain what happens to a substance or substances after they undergo a
chemical change.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
49) Formation of snow
Section: Section 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.5 Name the states of matter and the types of physical transformation.
Global Obj: G2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills and
G5 Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society.
50) A procedure that scientists carry out to study phenomenon
Section: Section 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.7 Describe the parts of the Scientific Method and how they are related to
each other.
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
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51) A generalization that concisely summarizes the outcome of a series of experiments
Section: Section 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.7 Describe the parts of the Scientific Method and how they are related to
each other.
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
52) A strong preference or inclination that inhibits impartial judgement
Section: Section 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.7 Describe the parts of the Scientific Method and how they are related to
each other.
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
53) An attempt to explain why a law exists
Section: Section 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.7 Describe the parts of the Scientific Method and how they are related to
each other.
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
54) The first time a theory is postulated
Section: Section 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.7 Describe the parts of the Scientific Method and how they are related to
each other.
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
55) Some kind of physical picture or mathematical expression of a theory.
Section: Section 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.7 Describe the parts of the Scientific Method and how they are related to
each other.
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.
56) A cyclical process in which scientists continuously uncover new information, postulate new
laws, and either modify or discard old ones.
Section: Section 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.7 Describe the parts of the Scientific Method and how they are related to
each other.
Global Obj: G1 Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry.