Introductory Chemistry, 5e (Tro)
Chapter 3 Matter and Energy
True/False Questions
1) Matter is defined as anything that is visible to the human eye.
2) Even with the most recent advances in microscopy, it is impossible to image an atom.
3) An amorphous solid has long range, repeating order.
4) Gases are the only form of matter that is easily compressible.
5) Liquids have definite volume and indefinite shape.
6) Solids have indefinite shape and volume.
7) In a solid substance, the atoms or molecules oscillate and vibrate about a fixed point.
8) Liquid and gas molecules can easily be compressed, while in a solid the molecules are
incompressible.
9) A compound is a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.
10) If a pure material decomposes when heated into simpler substances, this proves that the
material was a compound.
11) Water is a mixture.
12) Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture.
13) Skim milk is a heterogeneous mixture.
14) Air is a pure substance.
15) Sugar is a pure substance.
16) Chemical properties of a substance are those that can be observed without changing the
composition of a substance.
17) Flammability of gasoline is a chemical property.
18) The odor of gasoline is a chemical property.
19) In a chemical reaction, the substances present after the chemical change are called reactants.
20) The melting of ice is a physical change.
21) Mixtures of miscible liquids that differ in their boiling points may be separated by
distillation.
22) The corrosion of iron is a physical change.
23) An example of a chemical change is burning a wood log to give a pile of ashes.
24) In physical changes, the atoms or molecules that compose the matter do not change their
identity, even though the matter may change its appearance.
25) When you dissolve solid sugar into water, this new solution will taste sweet. The sugar went
through a chemical change.
26) A chemical change occurs when matter does not change its composition.
27) Matter can be destroyed in a combustion reaction (such as burning fuel).
28) Like mass, energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
29) The energy of position is called kinetic energy.
30) A moving bowling ball has kinetic energy.
31) Electrical energy is associated with the flow of electrical charge.
32) A melting scoop of ice cream is an example of an exothermic process.
33) When a chemical “cold pack” is activated, the chemical reactants absorb heat from the
surroundings.
34) The process of boiling water is an endothermic process.
35) A chemical change that will lower the potential energy of the chemical results in an
endothermic reaction.
36) An energy diagram that shows the products having higher energy than the reactants
illustrates an endothermic reaction.
37) Temperature is simply a measure of the motion of atoms and molecules.
38) Temperature is defined as the transfer of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference.
39) When a cold ice cube is dropped into a warm cup of water, energy is transferred as heat from
the ice to the water.
40) The coldest temperature possible is 0 K.
41) Temperatures reported in the Kelvin scale cannot be negative.
42) When a temperature in degrees Celsius is converted to kelvins, the Kelvin value will have
the same number of decimal places as the Celsius value.
43) Absolute zero is equivalent to a temperature of -273 K.
44) A kelvin degree is the same size as a Celsius degree.
45) The temperature of 0°F is colder than the temperature of 0°C.
46) The amount of heat energy needed to increase the temperature of an object will vary
depending on the heat capacity of the object.
47) The heat capacity of a substance is the quantity of thermal heat required to change the
temperature of a given amount of the substance by 100°C.
48) The large heat capacity of water limits large fluctuations in temperature near bodies of water
during the summer months.
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements about matter is FALSE?
A) Matter occupies space and has mass.
B) Matter exists in either a solid, liquid or gas state.
C) Matter is ultimately composed of atoms.
D) Matter is smooth and continuous.
E) none of the above
2) Which of the following is NOT an example of matter?
A) a pencil eraser
B) a balloon full of helium
C) a dust particle
D) heat from a burning candle
E) none of the above
3) A solid form of matter in which there is long range repeating order is called ________.
A) amorphous
B) rigid
C) crystalline
D) fixed
E) none of the above
4) Which state of matter has atomic spacing that is close together and indefinite shape?
A) liquid
B) solid
C) gas
D) plasma
E) none of the above
5) Which state of matter has indefinite shape and is compressible?
A) liquid
B) solid
C) gas
D) plasma
E) none of the above
6) Which state of matter has atomic spacing that is close together and definite shape?
A) liquid
B) solid
C) gas
D) plasma
E) none of the above
7) Which among the following statements is FALSE?
A) A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume.
B) A liquid has a definite volume; but it has no definite shape.
C) A gas has neither definite volume nor definite shape.
D) Both solids and liquids are incompressible while gases are compressible.
E) none of the above
8) Which state of matter has atomic spacing that is far apart and definite shape?
A) liquid
B) solid
C) gas
D) plasma
E) none of the above
9) Which of the following is an example of a crystalline solid that shows an arrangement of long-
range, repeating order?
A) glass
B) salt
C) plastic
D) rubber
E) none of the above
10) A pure substance is:
A) composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable
proportions.
B) composed of only one type of atom or molecule.
C) composed of two or more regions with different compositions.
D) composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that has constant
composition.
E) none of the above
11) Which of the following items is a pure substance?
A) air
B) seawater
C) brass
D) ice
E) none of the above
12) Which of the following items is a mixture?
A) water
B) helium
C) brass
D) sugar
E) none of the above
13) Which of the following is a heterogenous mixture?
A) milk
B) sugar water
C) raisin bran
D) air
E) none of the above
14) Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
A) trail mix
B) stainless steel
C) water
D) molten iron
E) none of the above
15) Which of the following statements about compounds is TRUE?
A) A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
B) A pure substance that has variable composition throughout.
C) A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions.
D) A substance that is not as common as pure elements.
E) none of the above
16) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Matter may be a pure substance or it may be a mixture.
B) A pure substance may either be an element or a compound.
C) A mixture may be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.
D) Mixtures may be composed of two or more elements, two or more compounds, or a
combination of both.
E) All of the above statements are true.
17) How would you classify salt water?
A) pure substance-compound
B) mixture-heterogeneous
C) pure substance-element
D) mixture-homogeneous
E) none of the above
18) How would you classify raisin bran?
A) pure substance-compound
B) mixture-heterogeneous
C) pure substance-element
D) mixture-homogeneous
E) none of the above
19) How would you classify sugar?
A) pure substance-compound
B) mixture-heterogeneous
C) pure substance-element
D) mixture-homogeneous
E) none of the above
20) A solution is an example of a (an):
A) pure substance.
B) element.
C) compound.
D) homogeneous mixture.
E) heterogeneous mixture.
21) Physical properties are:
A) those that a substance displays only through changing its composition.
B) those that cause atoms and molecules to change.
C) those that a substance displays without changing its composition.
D) identical for all solid matter.
E) none of the above
22) All of the following can be considered physical properties EXCEPT:
A) taste.
B) color.
C) flammability.
D) density.
E) boiling point.
23) Which of the following items is a physical property?
A) the corrosive action of acid rain on granite
B) the odor of spearmint gum
C) the combustion of gasoline
D) the tarnishing of a copper statue
E) none of the above
24) Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical property?
A) Solid ice can be very brittle.
B) Water can freeze solid at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
C) Water can form hydrogen and oxygen gas under electrolysis conditions.
D) Liquid water can turn into steam in a heated tea kettle.
E) none of the above
25) Which of the following items is a chemical property?
A) the paint color on a new red Corvette
B) the odor of spearmint gum
C) the melting and boiling point of water
D) the tarnishing of a copper statue
E) none of the above
26) Which of the following statements about physical and chemical changes is FALSE?
A) In a chemical change, matter changes its composition.
B) In a physical change, matter does not change its composition.
C) Phase changes are always physical changes.
D) Chemical reactions are chemical changes.
E) All of the above statements are true.
27) If you hold a solid piece of pure gallium metal in your hand, your body heat will melt the
gallium into its liquid form. This illustrates which of the following?
A) distillation
B) physical change
C) chemical change
D) chemical property
E) none of the above
28) Which of the following is NOT a technique that could be used to separate a mixture into its
components?
A) stirring
B) decanting
C) filtration
D) distillation
E) none of the above