21) Lipids include all of the following compounds EXCEPT:
A) fatty acids.
B) fats.
C) oils.
D) amino acids.
E) All of the above are lipids.
22) Lipids include all of the following compounds EXCEPT:
A) phospholipids.
B) glycolipids.
C) carboxylic acids.
D) steroids.
E) All of the above are lipids.
23) The type of lipid that contains a four-ring structure and does not contain fatty acids is:
A) glycolipid.
B) steroid.
C) triglyceride.
D) phospholipid.
E) none of the above
24) Which of the statements regarding phospholipids is FALSE?
A) A phospholipid has nearly the same structure as a triglyceride.
B) Unlike triglycerides, phospholipids have a polar region.
C) Phospholipids are common in the cell membrane.
D) A cell membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids and glycolipids.
E) All of the above statements are true.
25) Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?
A) oleic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) capric acid
E) All of the above are saturated fatty acids.
26) Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?
A) oleic acid
B) palmitic acid
C) myristic acid
D) butyric acid
E) All of the above are saturated fatty acids.
27) Which of the following statements about fats and oils is FALSE?
A) Fats and oils are made of a fatty acid with three glycerides bonded to it.
B) The bonds between the fatty acids and the glycerol is an ester linkage.
C) A saturated fatty acid contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
D) An unsaturated fatty acid contains some double or triple bonds.
E) All of the above statements are true.
28) Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?
A) Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
B) Proteins can act as biological catalysts.
C) Proteins are the structural component of muscle and cartilage.
D) Proteins are a main source of energy for cells.
E) All of the statements are true.
29) Which of the following statements about amino acids is FALSE?
A) Amino acids are the monomers of protein molecules.
B) Amino acids all have an amine group, a side chain, and a carboxylic acid.
C) Amino acids bond to each other through a peptide bond.
D) Amino acids all have very similar physical properties.
E) All of the statements are true.
30) Amino acids contain a(n):
A) amine group.
B) carboxylic acid group.
C) “R” side chain.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
31) Which factor causes the main difference in chemical properties between different amino
acids?
A) amine group
B) carboxylic acid group
C) R group (side chain)
D) molecular weight
E) none of the above
32) Which of the following statements correctly explains the formation of a peptide bond
between two amino acids?
A) The amine end of one links with the amine end of the other.
B) The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other.
C) The amine end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water
molecule.
D) The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates
a water molecule.
E) none of the above
33) Which protein structure provides the amino acid sequence?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
34) Which protein structure provides the arrangement of polypeptides?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
35) Which protein structure provides the large-scale bends and folds in the protein?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
36) Which protein structure provides the short-range repeating patterns?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
37) The most common repeating pattern that is found along the secondary structure of a protein
chain is:
A) α-helix.
B) β-pleated sheet.
C) β-turn.
D) random coil.
E) none of the above
38) The primary interactions that determine the tertiary structure of proteins include:
A) hydrogen bonds.
B) disulfide linkages.
C) hydrophobic interactions.
D) all of A, B, and C
E) none of A, B, and C
39) Cys-Ala-Val-Cys-Gln is an example of which type of structure?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
40) A globular shape is an example of which type of structure?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
41) An alpha helix is an example of which type of structure?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
42) Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that
are separated by long distances on the same chain?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
43) Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that
are on separate chains?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
44) Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that
are separated by short distances on the same chain?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
45) Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is FALSE?
A) Nucleic acids contain the code to make lipids.
B) Nucleic acids specify the order of amino acids in proteins.
C) Nucleic acids are either DNA or RNA.
D) Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
E) All of the statements are true.
46) Which base is found in RNA but NOT in DNA?
A) uracil
B) thymine
C) guanine
D) cytosine
E) adenine
47) A nucleotide contains:
A) phosphate, sugar, amino acid.
B) phosphate, lipid, base.
C) phosphate, lipid, amino acid.
D) phosphate, sugar, base.
E) none of the above
48) A codon is:
A) a series of three bases that specifies one of the twenty amino acids.
B) a series of three phosphates that specifies one of the twenty amino acids.
C) a series of three sugars that specifies one of the twenty amino acids.
D) a series of three proteins that specify one of the twenty amino acids.
E) none of the above
49) A gene is:
A) a structure within the cell nucleus that houses DNA.
B) a portion of DNA that codes for a single protein.
C) a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a single amino acid.
D) a portion of a protein that codes for a single amino acid.
E) none of the above
50) A chromosome is:
A) a structure within the cell nucleus that houses genes.
B) a portion of DNA that codes for a single protein.
C) a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a single amino acid.
D) a portion of a protein that codes for a single amino acid.
E) none of the above
51) Which sequence below represents the correct base pairs that can exist in DNA?
A) A with T and C with G
B) A with C and T with G
C) A with G and C with T
D) A with U and T with G
E) none of the above
52) The complementary base sequence to GTAGCT is:
A) CATCGA.
B) ACGATC.
C) GCAGTA.
D) AGTCGA.
E) none of the above
53) The structure of DNA is:
A) the pleated sheet.
B) the alpha helix.
C) the beta helix.
D) the double helix.
E) none of the above
54) The synthesis of a protein involves:
A) DNA transfers the code to m-RNA which then goes to the nucleus to synthesize the protein.
B) DNA transfers the code to m-RNA which then goes to the mitochondria to synthesize the
protein.
C) DNA transfers the code to m-RNA which then goes to the ribosome to synthesize the protein.
D) DNA transfers the code to m-RNA which then goes to the codon to synthesize the protein.
E) none of the above
55) The two strands that form the double helix of DNA are held to each other by:
A) peptide bonds.
B) covalent bonds.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) ester linkages.
E) none of the above
56) If a segment of the double helix of DNA is analyzed and is found to contain 10,000 units of
the base adenine (A), then this segment must also contain:
A) 10,000 units of the base uracil (U).
B) 10,000 units of the base thymine (T).
C) 10,000 units of the base cytosine (C).
D) 5,000 units of the base thymine (T).
E) 5,000 units of the base cytosine (C).
57) The “m” in the term mRNA represents:
A) meta.
B) mini.
C) mitosis.
D) messenger.
E) none of the above
19.3 Algorithmic Questions
1) How many total number of DNA bases are needed to code for the amino acids in a protein
containing 27 amino acids?
A) 9
B) 27
C) 81
D) 4
E) none of the above
2) A section of DNA contains the bases ACGTC , so the correct sequence in the complementary
strand is:
A) CATGA
B) UGCAG
C) TGCAG
D) GTACT
E) none of the above
19.4 Essay Questions
1) It is expected that the Human Genome Project, by mapping DNA, can lead to the development
of new drugs in two ways. Briefly explain how new drugs can be developed as a result of the
Human Genome Project.
2) What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
3) Summarize the main features of the four categories of protein structure.