Which is an advantage of using coal over petroleum as a source of energy in the United
States?
A. As a solid, coal is easier to transport than a liquid such as petroleum.
B. Carbon makes up a smaller proportion of coal than it does of petroleum.
C. Coal reserves in the United States are far greater than petroleum reserves.
D. Coal is the source of many more different fuels with a wide range of properties than
is petroleum.
Which characteristics pertain to the problem of global warming?
I. Possible consequences include altered climate and increased sea level.
II. Heat energy radiated by the earth is captured by atmospheric molecules.
III. Increased skin cancer incidence and damage to radiation sensitive species has been
observed.
IV. The concentration of stratospheric ozone is declining.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and IV only
D. III and IV only
In which example is the entropy of the initial state lower than the entropy of the final
state?
A. A pot of water boils to produce water vapor at 100C.
B. Librarians put library books back onto the shelves at the end of the day.
C. A raw egg heated at 100C in boiling water becomes hard boiled.
D. Soldiers are called to attention when the general enters the room.
Which is a correct statement of the second law of thermodynamics?
A. Entropy of the universe is constantly increasing.
B. Nature allows the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy, but not vice
versa.
C. Heat is the only form of energy that can be converted into work with 100%
efficiency.
D. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change form.
The diagram below shows a simplified version of a fractionating column used in the
petroleum industry.
The position marked ___ corresponds to the cracker where large molecules are broken
into smaller molecules.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Whenever a substance is oxidized,
A. it is called the oxidizing agent.
B. some other substance must be reduced.
C. it gains electrons.
D. hydronium ions are produced.
Which of these statements are correct for condensation polymerization only?
I. Monomer units chemically bond together.
II. Product contains all the atoms of the starting material.
III. A second product, like water, is also formed during the polymerization process.
A. I only
B. I and II
C. II only
D. I and III
Which is not true of radioactive half-life? Radioactive half-life is
A. the time required for the level of radioactivity in a sample to be cut in half.
B. independent of the amount of radioactive material present.
C. increased by heating the isotope.
D. independent of the physical or chemical form of the isotope.
A particular sample of air is 2.5% water vapor. Express the concentration of water
vapor in parts per million (ppm).
A. 0.0000025 ppm
B. 0.025 ppm
C. 250 ppm
D. 25000 ppm
Which region of the ultraviolet spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere?
A. UV-A
B. UV-B
C. UV-C
D. They are all absorbed approximately equally.
Breeder reactors
A. convert spent fuel rods into useful fuel.
B. produce Pu-239, the radiation that cannot penetrate human skin.
C. produce Pu-239, which can be used to build nuclear weapons.
D. All of these choices are true.
The octet rule is applied to bonding in carbon containing compounds. In accordance
with the octet rule,
A. each bonded carbon atom forms eight bonds.
B. all carbon containing compounds contain at least eight bonds.
C. each bonded carbon atom shares electrons so that it has exactly eight outer valence
electrons.
D. the number of atoms in any carbon containing compound is a multiple of eight.
When only one pair of shared electrons is involved in a covalent bond, the linkage is
called a ______ bond.
A. triple
B. single
C. double
D. resonant
The EPA limit for CO is 9 ppm. Express this number as a percentage.
A. 90%
B. 9%
C. 0.09%
D. 0.0009%
Sunlight (solar radiation) may be turned directly into electricity using ______ cells.
A. fuel
B. photovoltaic
C. electrolytic
D. lead-acid
Air is a(n)
A. element.
B. compound.
C. mixture.
D. pure substance.
Identify the nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the following DNA sequence:
TACGGCTTAAG
A. TAGCCTTAAC
B. ATGGGGAATTC
C. TTCDDGTTTTC
D. ATGCCGAATTC
What is the primary determinant of the voltage developed by a battery?
A. the nature of the materials in the reaction
B. the age of the battery
C. the overall size of the galvanic cells
D. the size of the electrodes
The energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction is called the
A. heat of combustion.
B. bond energy.
C. activation energy.
D. renewable energy.
The top graph shows the mean temperature over the past 160,000 years as determined
from ice-core data. Which of graphs A through D best represents the carbon dioxide
concentration in air over the same time period as measured from air bubbles trapped in
the ice cores?
A. Graph A
B. Graph B
C. Graph C
D. Graph D
Smokestacks at these plants release sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide into the air:
A. coal-burning plants.
B. nuclear plants.
C. both coal-burning and nuclear plants.
D. neither coal-burning nor nuclear plants.
DNA, the genetic material of living organisms, is damaged by light in the
A. visible region of the spectrum.
B. ultraviolet region, especially below a wavelength of 320 nm.
C. ultraviolet region, especially above a wavelength of 340 nm.
D. infrared region of the spectrum.
Which compound has an incorrect formula?
A. MgPO4
B. (NH4)2S
C. Mg(HSO3)2
D. NaClO4
The EPA has determined a solid waste management hierarchy. Which is the most
preferred method?
A. incineration and land filling
B. recycling and composting
C. source reduction and reuse
D. condensation
Most of the sulfur in coal originates from
A. decaying vegetation in swamps and peat bogs.
B. sulfate ions (SO4
2-) naturally present in sea water.
C. sulfur deposits located adjacent to coal deposits.
D. the natural sulfur content of the plants making up the coal.
In reference to waves, frequency is the
A. number of waves passing a fixed point in one second.
B. height of the wave.
C. distance between successive peaks in a wave.
D. distance between a peak in a wave to the next trough.
The mass number of an isotope of an element is the
A. sum of the number of its protons and electrons.
B. number of its protons.
C. sum of the number of its protons and neutrons.
D. sum of the number of its protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Some steroids are more soluble in water than others. Based on your understanding of
the solubility of molecular compounds in water, decide which compound is the most
soluble.
A.
B.
C.
D.
HCFCs have been developed to replace CFCs as refrigerants. Which property of these
new compounds makes them environmentally superior to CFCs?
A. Greater reactivity leads to decomposition at elevations below the stratospheric ozone
concentration maximum.
B. Lower reactivity makes them stable even in the intense ultraviolet light in the
stratosphere.
C. Their higher molecular weight prevents them from reaching the stratosphere.
D. They do not contain chlorine.
We cannot effectively clean nonpolar substances from our hands or clothing with water
alone; we must add soap or detergent. The structure of a typical soap molecule is shown
below. Which region of this molecule would dissolve in a nonpolar substance such as
grease?
A. Region 1
B. Region 2
C. Region 3
D. Region 4
Which polymer is incorrectly matched with its use?
A. LDPEplastic bag
B. HDPEmilk jug
C. PScontact lenses
D. PETsoda bottles
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in a neutral atom of ?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Decreased stratospheric ozone concentrations may lead to
A. increased incidences of melanomas.
B. harm toyoung marine life.
C. an increased occurrence of cataracts.
D. All of these choices are correct.