Which is not true concerning the discovery and development of the penicillin
antibiotics?
A. Alexander Fleming noted that the mold Penicillium notatum inhibited bacterial
growth.
B. The first step in the development of these drugs was the isolation of the active agent
produced by the mold Penicillium notatum.
C. There are currently more than a dozen different penicillins in clinical use.
D. World War I gave added impetus for the development of the penicillin antibiotics.
The attractions between anions and cations throughout a crystal are known collectively
as
A. covalent bonds.
B. polar covalent bonds.
C. hydrogen bonds.
D. ionic bonds.
What herb is reported to reduce memory loss?
A. chamomile
B. ginko biloba
C. lemon balm
D. St. John’s wort
The heat of combustion of ethane, C2H6, is 1560 kJ/mol. What is the heat of
combustion of ethane, in kJ per gram?
A. 51.9 kJ/g
B. 195 kJ/g
C. 4.69 x 104 kJ/g
D. 9.39 x 1026 kJ/g
Bases are substances that increase the hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solution.
Why does ammonia (NH3), which does not contain a hydroxide group, act as a base?
A. Ammonia acts as a base only in the presence of hydroxide ion-containing
compounds.
B. Ammonia molecules remove protons from water molecules, forming hydroxide ions.
C. Ammonia molecules donate protons to water molecules, forming hydroxide ions.
D. Ammonia acts as a base only in the presence of very strong acids.
The amounts of SO2 and NOx emissions from anthropogenic sources are ______ those
from natural sources.
A. considerably greater than
B. roughly equivalent to
C. somewhat less than
D. considerably less than
Which atoms does a hydroxyl functional group contain?
A. hydrogen and carbon
B. carbon and oxygen
C. hydrogen and oxygen
D. hydrogen and nitrogen
Which of these is not a trihalomethane?
A. CHCl3
B. CH3Cl
C. CHF3
D. CHBr2Cl
What structural feature do the two hormones shown have in common?
A. Both have alcohol functional groups.
B. Both have ketone functional groups.
C. Both are steroids.
D. There are no structural features in common.
A(n) __________ is a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a
certain spatial arrangement.
A. element
B. ion
C. molecule
D. mixture
HFCs may be used to replace CFCs. Which compound is a HFC?
A. CH2Cl CCl2F
B. CH2FCl
C. CF3CH2F
D. CHClF2
Why can the lead-acid batteries used in cars generate electricity for several years before
running down?
A. A lead-acid battery is so large that it holds large quantities of the chemicals whose
electrochemical interaction creates the electricity.
B. The mechanical motion of the engine drives an alternator that generates electricity to
recharge the battery.
C. These batteries are used only to generate the electricity that makes the first spark
plug ‘spark.” Therefore, they are hardly used at all when a car is started, and never when
it is driven.
D. The electrons they generate, not the chemical components, provide almost all of the
electricity.
Which of these is a representation of vinyl chloride?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Compounds with the same chemical formulas but different molecular structures are
called
A. isotopes.
B. isomers.
C. isobars.
D. allotropes.
Semiconductors are more effective than metals as converters of solar radiation into
electricity because
A. it is easier for the atoms of a semiconductor to absorb solar energy and to move from
place to place within the solid, thereby conducting electricity.
B. the energy contained in sunlight gives the valence electrons in the semiconductor
atoms the extra energy they need to “flow” throughout the solid.
C. metals melt much too easily under direct sunlight and, as liquids, lose their ability to
conduct electricity.
D. solar radiation has sufficient energy to knock electrons completely off the metal
surface, making it impossible for the electrons to “flow” from atom to atom and conduct
electricity.
The fuel for both nuclear and coal power plants must be mined. Which miners are most
likely to contract black lung disease?
A. coal miners
B. uranium miners
C. plutonium miners
D. Black lung is not a risk for miners of any fuel.
Which functional group contains a nitrogen atom?
A. alcohol
B. amine
C. ester
D. ether
Which of the following is NOT a likely consequence of increased carbon dioxide
concentrationin the atmosphere?
A. Sea ice disappearance
B. Sea-level rise
C. Changes in ocean chemistry
D. Increase in biodiversity
As fuel cells become more widely accepted and are used more, we will
A. become less dependent on electrical energy.
B. become more dependent on fossil fuels and less dependent on renewable resources
for power generation.
C. be able to generate electricity in places where we cannot now do so.
D. use coal as our primary energy source.
Of the following, which may be removed from the market only when the US
government can prove harm?
A. Prescription drugs
B. Over the counter drugs
C. Herbal remedies
D. All of the above
If we assume that the top of Mt. Everest is the highest land mass on earth, hikers who
scale its summit are standing in the
A. mesosphere.
B. stratosphere.
C. troposphere.
D. ozone layer.
The father of modern medicine, Hippocrates, described making a tea that was effective
against fever by boiling willow bark. Years later, the active ingredient was isolated and
chemically modified to produce the drug we now know as
A. acetaminophen.
B. aspirin.
C. ibuprofen.
D. penicillin.
Which is the balanced chemical equation showing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
decomposing into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2)?
A. H2O2 → H2 + O2
B. H2 + O2 → H2O2
C. 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O2
D. 2 H2O2 → 2 H2 + O2
Yellow light has a wavelength of 580 nm. What is the frequency of this light?
A. 2.39 x 1019 s1
B. 1.80 x 107 s1
C. 5.17 x 105 s1
D. 5.17 x 1014 s1
The greatest percentage of background radiation comes from
A. nuclear power plants.
B. medical X-rays.
C. living things.
D. naturally occurring radon.
Choose the proper coefficients for each substance to balance this equation.
____ C2H4(g) + ____ O2(g) → ____ CO2(g) + ____ H2O(g)
A. 1, 1, 2, 2
B. 1, 3, 2, 2
C. 2, 3, 4, 2
D. 2, 2, 4, 2
Which vibrational mode for carbon dioxide is not expected to contribute to the
greenhouse effect?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following would be classified as trace minerals required by the body for
good health?
A. Ca, Na, K
B. Cu, Fe, Zn
C. Cr, I, Se
D. Mg, Fe, P
PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is classified as a polyester because
A. it contains many ester linkages.
B. its monomer has ester functional groups.
C. it is used to make bullet proof vests.
D. it is made by addition polymerization.
Which is not a known advantage of natural gas over other fossil fuels?
A. It burns more completely than other fossil fuels.
B. It burns more cleanly than other fossil fuels.
C. It is far more abundant than any other fossil fuel.
D. Sulfur dioxide is rarely produced by burning natural gas.
Which of the following are general goals for green chemical synthesis methods?
I. There is less waste.
II. Harsh reagents are avoided.
III. It uses recombinant technology.
IV. It needs intense purification.
A. I and IV only
B. II and III only
C. III and IV only
D. I, II, and III only
Which best symbolizes the hydrogen bonding between two water molecules?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Scientists believe they know the average global temperature over the last 160,000 years.
Which property of the ice core samples from Antarctica provides this information?
A. the thickness
B. the carbon dioxide concentration
C. the 1H/2H ratio
D. the temperature
Which chemical equation shows the dissociation of magnesium hydroxide?
A. Mg(OH)2 → Mg2+ + 2OH
B. MgOH → Mg2+ + OH2
C. Mg(OH)3 → Mg3+ + 3OH
D. Mg(OH)2 → Mg2+ + H2O + O2-