Which bond represents the “peptide” bond?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
The fact that carbon (C) is less electronegative than nitrogen (N) means that in a C N
bond, the
A. shared electrons are closer to the C atom than to the N atom.
B. shared electrons are closer to the N atom than to the C atom.
C. C atom takes the electrons from the N atom forming C and N+.
D. N atom takes the electrons from the C atom forming C+ and N.
Which type of widely used battery is not rechargeable?
A. zinc-manganese alkaline
B. lithium-ion
C. lead-acid (storage batteries)
D. nickel-cadmium (NiCad)
Green chemistry is
A. the study of how to improve the production of oxygen via photosynthesis.
B. any chemistry having an agricultural base.
C. the cause of the higher temperatures and humidity typically found in greenhouses.
D. the design of products and processes that reduce hazardous substances.
Where is most of the carbon on earth stored?
A. in the form of fossil fuels and carbonate minerals and rocks
B. in the forests and soil
C. in surface water
D. in the atmosphere
A substance that is hygroscopic
A. absorbs and retains moisture from the atmosphere.
B. releases water to the atmosphere.
C. purifies water by removing nitrate and sulfate ions.
D. prevents atmospheric gases from forming aerosols.
What percentage of a radioactive isotope would remain after three half-lives?
A. 6.3%
B. 12.5%
C. 25.0%
D. 50.0%
According to the graph below,
the major source of energy in the United States during the years 1900 to 1950 was
A. coal.
B. wood.
C. natural gas.
D. petroleum.
The goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 was to
A. reduce the amount of new production of chlorofluorocarbons in developed countries.
B. recycle existing chlorofluorocarbons rather than release them into the air.
C. encourage research into substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons.
D. All of these choices are correct.
Breeder reactors
A. convert spent fuel rods into useful fuel.
B. produce Pu-239, the radiation that cannot penetrate human skin.
C. produce Pu-239, which can be used to build nuclear weapons.
D. All of these choices are true.
Why are many drugs administered as salts rather than as the corresponding neutral
compounds?
A. Salts have greater water solubility and stability than the neutral compound.
B. As a general rule, salts are more active than the neutral compounds.
C. Salts are generally liquid and therefore more active than the neutral compounds.
D. The salts are less expensive to produce than the corresponding neutral compounds.
A major advantage of a fuel cell over a standard battery is that
A. as long as oxygen and fuel are supplied, a fuel cell will not “run down” like a battery
will.
B. a fuel cell generates electricity without the need for an oxidation-reduction reaction.
C. a fuel cell is 100% efficient at generating electricity, whereas a battery is less than
1% efficient.
D. as it generates electricity, a fuel cell produces more fuel than it uses.
These are the two monomers used to synthesize Kevlar.
Which of the following represent the products formed after one condensation reaction
between the monomers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Calculate the mass percent of chlorine in CCl 3 F (Freon-11).
A. 77.5%
B. 25.8%
C. 51.6%
D. 13.8%
Predict the products of this reaction: KOH + HNO3 →
A. KNO3 + H2O
B. KNO2 + H2O2
C. KH + HNO4
D. KO4 + H2N
What is the formula of the ionic compound formed from magnesium, Mg, and chlorine,
Cl?
A. MgCl
B. Mg2Cl2
C. Mg2Cl
D. MgCl2
Which is an amine group?
A. OH
B. NH2
C. COOH
D. CONH2
Identify groups of structural isomers among the compounds below:
A. 3 and 5 AND 1 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 1, 3 and 5
D. 1 and 4
Enzymes are
A. biochemical catalysts that influence the rate of chemical reactions.
B. compounds used to relieve inflammation in muscles and joints.
C. proteins that produce fever and swelling.
D. special hormones that influence the rate of chemical reactions.
Why are generic versions of some prescription drugs not always available?
A. The prescribed drug may still be protected by the 20-year patent.
B. The prescribed drug may be derived from a common herb.
C. The drug company that developed the drug has not agreed to allow other companies
to make the drug.
D. The manufacturers of generic drugs have not completed the efficacy and safety
testing of the generic drug.
Protein enzymes act as
A. active sites.
B. catalysts.
C. substrates.
D. cells.
What factors determine how many calories per day a person needs?
I. health
II. level of activity
III. gender
IV. age
V. body size
A. I and II only
B. II, III, and IV only
C. I, II, and V only
D. I, II, III, IV, and V
Which statement is correct?
A. UV-A is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light.
B. UV-B is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light.
C. UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light.
D. UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C are equally energetic.
What is the mass of exactly 500 sulfur atoms?
A. 1.61 104 g
B. 32.1 g
C. 2.66 1020 g
D. 5.33 1023 g
Alternative energy sources are currently being researched in effort to replace our
dependence on fossil fuels. Which is not a current research effort in this regard?
A. obtaining alternative fuels from renewable sources such as garbage
B. reintroducing the use of tetraethyl lead to increase the octane rating of gasoline
C. converting coal into gaseous and liquid fuels similar to petroleum products
D. increasing the use of farm product biomass, such as corn, to produce ethanol.
For safety and other practical reasons, the most logical use for hydrogen as a fuel in the
near future is
A. in an electric power plant.
B. in a fuel cell.
C. for running an automobile.
D. for nuclear fusion.
Lakes surrounded by ______ have very little acid-neutralizing capacity.
I. marble
II. granite
III. limestone
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
Which has not been suggested as a reasonably practical way to store large amounts of
hydrogen in relatively small spaces for its use as a fuel?
A. Liquefy hydrogen under pressure and store it much as we do with liquefied natural
gas today.
B. Absorb hydrogen onto activated charcoal; then heat the mixture to release the
hydrogen.
C. Store it in the form of ionic metal hydrides, such as LiH, which release hydrogen gas
when they react with water.
D. Encapsulate hydrogen molecules in fullerene molecules (large, carbon-based
molecules that can act like cages) that may be heated later to release the hydrogen.
Batteries must be used in addition to solar cells when generating household electricity
because
A. solar cells can generate electricity only via the output of a battery.
B. solar cells can generate only a small fraction of the total energy needed by a
household at any one time.
C. solar cells generate so much electricity that they will overheat if they cannot transfer
the excess electricity somewhere to dissipate the extra heat.
D. batteries must store and then supply the energy when sunlight is not available.
Which would be classified as a “natural” polymer?
A. cellulose
B. polystyrene
C. polyester
D. nylon
By approximately what percentage did global production of CFCs fall from 1987 to
2000?
A. 13%
B. 44%
C. 88%
D. 1100%
Which is an advantage of using coal over petroleum as a source of energy in the United
States?
A. As a solid, coal is easier to transport than a liquid such as petroleum.
B. Carbon makes up a smaller proportion of coal than it does of petroleum.
C. Coal reserves in the United States are far greater than petroleum reserves.
D. Coal is the source of many more different fuels with a wide range of properties than
is petroleum.
Which is the cathode in this galvanic cell?
A. the solid zinc electrode
B. the Zn2+(aq) ions in the 1 M solution
C. the solid silver electrode
D. the Ag+(aq) ions in the 1 M solution
Which corresponds to the composition of the ion typically formed by fluorine?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D