1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the family?
a. Provides for the material, educational, and emotional needs of children
b. Regulates the sexual division of labor
c. Regulates sexual mating and reproduction
d. Characterized by economic cooperation
e. Creates profit with low-cost overhead for long-term reinvestment
2. The textbook defines marriage as a socially-approved union between two adults that has all of the following
characteristics EXCEPT:
a. formalizing the relationship.
b. regulating sexual rights and obligations.
c. always involves some sort of explicit contract.
d. managing economic obligations.
e. assuming some degree of permanence.
3. According to an official statement of the American Anthropological Association:
a. same-sex marriages are threatening to viable social order.
b. same-sex marriages are immoral and should be avoided at all costs.
c. families built on same-sex marriages can contribute to stable and humane societies.
d. samesexmarriagesarefarmorecommonintheworld’sculturesthanheterosexualones.
e. same-sex marriages should be encouraged.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
4. Your textbook defines marriage as a normally permanent arrangement but recognizes that:
a. the permanence of marriage may vary from society to society.
b. small-scale societies have higher divorce rates than industrialized societies.
c. in all non-industrialized societies, marriages last until death.
d. only in very small-scale societies do marriages last until death.
e. divorce only happens in industrialized nations.
5. A group of Sumburu women established the village of Umoja Uaso. It is interesting because:
a. they have not formed any type of structured family there.
b. children are removed from the village when they are born and sent to grandparents elsewhere.
c. it allows only polyandry.
d. no men are allowed to live there.
e. the women regulate all political functions and leave the men to do domestic duties.
6. The prohibition against sexual relations with certain categories of kin is called:
a. monogamy.
b. the incest taboo.
c. cross-cousin marriage.
d. parallel cousin marriage.
e. endogamy.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
7. A nuclear family includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. mother.
b. uncle.
c. father.
d. sister.
e. brother.
8. The incest taboo:
a. universally prohibits first cousins from marrying.
b. prohibitssexualrelationswithanyoneonthefather’ssideofthefamily.
c. prohibits sexual relations with certain categories of kin.
d. universally prohibits marriage between clan members.
e. prohibits marriage between parent and child only.
9. The inbreeding theory of incest taboo argues that:
a. the family is able to make better social alliances by marrying outside of its structure.
b. there are harmful genetic defects associated with breeding within the family.
c. there are positive genetic benefits from breeding within the family.
d. family inbreeding creates role ambiguity.
e. the human species has developed because of inbreeding.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
10. According to the family disruption theory, mating within the nuclear family would do all of the following EXCEPT:
a. disruptthefamily’sfunctionasaunitofeconomiccooperation.
b. disruptthefamily’sfunctionasaunitofsocialization.
c. create role ambiguity.
d. create competition between families.
e. create intense jealousies within the nuclear family.
11. Incest avoidance can have positive social advantages by forcing people to marry outside of their immediate family,
thereby:
a. developing a stronger set of relationships within their own family than a wider network of interfamily alliances.
b. creating relationships with people with whom they are likely to cooperate.
c. creating relationships with more people with whom they are likely to become hostile.
d. creating a smaller gene pool.
e. increasing the incidence of recessive traits.
12. Marrying outside a group is:
a. polygamy.
b. monogamy.
c. exogamy.
d. endogamy.
e. alliance.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
13. Castes in India provide a good example of:
a. caste endogamy.
b. caste exogamy.
c. free selection of spouses.
d. polyandry.
e. polygamy.
14. A marriage rule that requires a woman to marry within her ethnic group and religion is a rule of:
a. dowry.
b. bridewealth.
c. exogamy.
d. endogamy.
e. polygyny.
15. In Western societies, mate selection is largely a decision made:
a. bythebrideandgroom’sextendedfamilies.
b. by the grandparents of the prospective couple.
c. jointly by the prospective bride and groom.
d. by the family of the bride.
e. bythegroom’smother’sfamily.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
16. Applied anthropologist Elizabeth Krause, in her study of the family in Italy, found that:
a. the birthrate has dropped below the replacement rate to sustain the national population.
b. children born out of wedlock are now the most numerous family type.
c. the extended family in Italy is declining slowly and will soon disappear.
d. the childhood mortality rate is now at .005 percent.
e. Italian couples are not forming typical families and do not choose to have children.
17. Since Krause’s study of Italian families:
a. the national birthrate has declined slightly more.
b. the national birthrate has increased slightly.
c. the Italian family structure has changed more dramatically and now includes multiple generations.
d. the extended family has been replaced by the nuclear family because of economic concerns.
e. marriage based on romantic love is no longer the most popular choice for spouses.
18. Arranged marriages are found most often in what type of society?
a. Democratic societies
b. Very wealthy societies
c. Societies that are primarily agricultural
d. Societies in which there is elaborate social hierarchy
e. Societies that are primarily industrial
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
19. In India today:
a. arranged marriage continues and has become even more widespread than in traditional agrarian India in the
18th century.
b. arranged marriage has come to an end and is no longer practiced. Young people today have very Western
notions of attraction and mate selection.
c. although arranged marriages continue in very traditional families, most young people chose their own partner
and elope, electing to not participate in such elaborate ceremonies and tradition.
d. arranged marriage continues within castes that have low education and economic rates. These young people
continue to have a hard time finding a marriage partner.
e. arranged marriage continues, but in an altered form. Now, young people are actively searching for their
partners on Internet marriage websites.
20. Cross cousins are defined as the children of:
a. your second cousins.
b. yourmother’sbrotherorfather’ssister.
c. yourfather’sbrotherormother’ssister.
d. yourparents’cousins.
e. yourgrandparents’siblings.
21. The levirate is a marriage custom in which:
a. a widow marries the brother or another close relative of her dead husband.
b. a widower marries the sister or another close relative of his dead wife.
c. a person marries a cross cousin.
d. a person marries a parallel cousin.
e. the groom must marry his sister.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
22. The sororate is a marriage custom in which:
a. a widow is expected to marry the brother or another close relative of her dead husband.
b. a widower is expected to marry the sister or another close relative of his dead wife.
c. a man marries his stepsister.
d. amantakeshisbrother’swidowasawife.
e. awomantakesherdeadhusband’scousin.
23. Which statement about romantic love is true?
a. It only exists in Western countries.
b. It only exists in affluent (wealthy) countries.
c. People in many non-Westerns countries do not base marriage on romantic love.
d. All cultures practice some form of romantic love in arranging a marriage.
e. Anthropologistshavenottraditionallybeenabletodefine“love.”
24. Which of the following forms of cousin marriage is the most common?
a. Nuclear cousin
b. Preferential cousin
c. Sororal levirate
d. Parallel cousin
e. Cross cousin
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
25. All of the following are reasons that societies practice the levirate EXCEPT:
a. it is a form of social security for the widow.
b. it is a form of social security for the children of the marriage.
c. itpreservestherightsofthedeceasedhusband’sfamilytohischildren.
d. itpreservestherightsofthedeceasedhusband’sfamilytothewidow’sfuturechildren.
e. it is associated with societies that place the highest value on female heirs.
26. Polyandry is:
a. a man having more than one wife at a time.
b. a woman having more than one husband at a time.
c. both marriage partners having multiple spouses.
d. a same-sex marriage between two men.
e. an arranged marriage in which families are in different social castes (or classes).
27. In the majority of cultures of the world, polygyny is:
a. the preferred form of marriage.
b. practiced by the majority of wealthy men in the world.
c. less common than polyandry.
d. considered by anthropologists to be less moral than monogamy.
e. a form of marriage in which the man exerts his domination over the women.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
28. What is the most common form of marriage in the United States?
a. Monogamy
b. Serial monogamy
c. Exclusive monogamy
d. Polyandry
e. Polygyny
29. Men in most polygynous societies never actually obtain multiple wives for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
a. managing a polygynous household is hard work.
b. marriage in many polygynous societies requires the approval of kinsmen.
c. marriageinpolygynoussocietiesisalwaysmanagedbythewife’sfatherandthehusbandhasnochoice.
d. some men in polygynous societies are not of sufficient rank to seek multiple wives.
e. some men in polygynous societies do not possess the appropriate social skills to have multiple wives.
30. Which statement about polygyny in Africa is FALSE?
a. Polygyny is very rarely practiced today.
b. Some traditional women support it.
c. Men generally view polygyny more positively than women do.
d. Opposition to polygyny today comes from younger, well-educated women.
e. Many traditional African men today are under pressure by Christian churches to give up polygyny.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
31. Competition among co-wives in a polygynous household is reduced when all of the following occur EXCEPT:
a. when sororal polygyny is practiced.
b. when wives are allowed to participate in the choice of spouse.
c. when they are given separate living quarters.
d. when the husband does not get involved in the affairs of his wives.
e. when a social hierarchy is established between the wives.
32. The marriage of several brothers to one woman:
a. sometimes occurs in Tibet.
b. is called primogeniture.
c. is necessary in pastoral societies.
d. occurs only in hunting and gathering societies.
e. creates an extreme sense of role ambiguity among children.
33. Which of the following statements about polygyny in the United States is correct?
a. Polygyny is legal in several states.
b. Polygyny is technically legal in all 50 states.
c. Although polygyny is practiced in certain areas of the U.S., it is legal only in Utah.
d. Although polygyny is practiced in certain areas of the U.S., it is not legal.
e. Polygyny is illegal in the U.S. and is prosecuted aggressively in Utah.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
34. Polyandry:
a. is one of the most common forms of marriage in the world today.
b. allows a society to avoid the division of small plots of land among sons.
c. leads to competition and especially sexual jealousy among husbands.
d. is practiced widely in Africa and South America.
e. leads to significantly higher birth rates in families.
35. Which statement about bridewealth is FALSE?
a. It tends to destabilize marriage.
b. It symbolizes the union of two kin groups.
c. Itrepresentscompensationtothewife’sfamily.
d. It legalizes marriages and legitimizes children.
e. Bridewealth payments vary among cultures.
36. WhichpracticeisfoundamongtheJu’hoansiofsouthwesternAfrica?
a. Bridewealth
b. Reciprocal exchange of material goods
c. Dowry
d. Bride service
e. Non-monetarized marriage
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
37. Bride service is practiced:
a. only in societies with high levels of material wealth.
b. often in agricultural societies.
c. tocompensatethebride’sfamilyinasocietywherematerialgoodsarenotaccumulated.
d. tocompensatethegroom’sfamilyforthecostofbearingawifeandchildren.
e. toallowthegroom’sfamilytoinvestandcreateresourcessothatthenewlymarriedcouplecanstartafamily.
38. Which of the following is FALSE?
a. The monetization of bridewealth has increasingly created the view of marriage as a financial transaction.
b. The monetization of bridewealth has reduced the significance of marriage as an alliance between kin groups.
c. The monetization of bridewealth has been associated with the postponing of marriage until a later age.
d. The monetization of bridewealth has broken down the close interdependence between family members.
e. The monetization of bridewealth has led to greater freedom of choice on the part of the future spouses
involved.
39. Bridewealth:
a. is the price a man pays for a wife in a commercial exchange.
b. increases the likelihood of a marriage ending in divorce.
c. tends to create bad relations between the families of the bride and groom.
d. legitimizesmarriagesandtransfersrightsoverchildrentothefather’sfamily.
e. createsanetworkofstrongalliancesbetweenthekinsmenofthebride’sfamily.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily