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1. Newspapers, magazines, books, radio, and television are all examples of
a.
mass media.
b.
the macrosystem.
c.
the chronosystem.
d.
all of these.
2. The mass media are _______________________of culture.
a.
shapers
b.
spreaders
c.
transformers
d.
all of these
3. Jalon’s teacher read a book in which a monster emerged from under the bed. Since the book reading, Jalon has been
afraid to go to sleep. This is an example of how a media message can _______ experience.
a.
change
b.
enhance
c.
interfere with
d.
all of these
4. Which of the following characterizes trends in mass media systems over historical time?
a.
Rare to available
b.
Expensive to more affordable
c.
Fixed to more portable
d.
All of these
5. The mass communication system in the United States is generally characterized by
a.
private ownership.
b.
lack of new technology.
c.
lack of regulation.
d.
Lack of media outlets, such as television stations.
6. Television and radio outlets make most of their profits
a.
from door-to-door sales.
b.
from advertising.
c.
by writing grants.
d.
by selling hard copies of news transcripts.
7. The main emphasis of mass communication in the United States is on
news.
a.
education.
b.
entertainment.
c.
information.
d.
news.
8. Advances in television broadcasting have created changes in millions of U.S. families in
a.
sleep habits.
b.
conversation patterns.
c.
meal arrangements.
d.
all of these.
9. Which theory related to socialization believes that media content affects viewers’ beliefs about the world and alters
their behavior as a result?
a.
Social cognitive theory
b.
Cultivation theory
c.
Motivation theory
d.
Displacement theory
10. Scott spends much of his time watching TV instead of studying and doing his homework. This is an example of the
____________________theory.
a.
social cognitive
b.
cultivation
c.
motivation
d.
displacement
11. On average, how many hours per day do children spend in front of the television?
a.
1–2 hours
b.
3–5 hours
c.
6–9 hours
d.
12 or more hours
12. Jose spends about 4 hours watching television while his mother and father are at work. How does this compare to the
viewing habits of other children?
a.
Somewhat the same
b.
More than other children
c.
Less than other children
d.
More watch TV with their parents
13. With what aspects of family interaction does television viewing potentially interfere?
a.
Communication
b.
Resolution of problems
c.
Development of relationships
d.
All of these
14. A child’s risk of being overweight increases by _________ for every hour of television watched per day.
a.
Less than 1%
b.
1%
c.
6%
d.
25%
15. According to researchers, studies indicate that preschool children
a.
seem to understand that animated content on television is not real.
b.
haven’t yet begun to develop their imaginations.
c.
believe that all content on television is not real.
d.
do not imitate what they see on television.
16. Violence on television is measured in terms of
a.
prevalence.
b.
rate.
c.
role.
d.
all of these.
17. The National Television Violence Study notes that television viewing poses which of the following risk(s) for
viewers?
a.
Learning to behave more violently
b.
Becoming desensitized to violence
c.
Becoming fearful of being attacked
d.
All of these
18. After viewing violent scenes on television, young children are more willing to
a.
engage in altruistic acts.
b.
accept the aggressive behavior of other children.
c.
listen and talk to each other.
d.
all of these.
19. Neurological studies of children’s brains indicate activity in which area(s) of the brain when children view violent
television shows?
a.
Episodic memory
b.
Arousal
c.
Attention
d.
All of these
20. Four-year-old Andrea was taken to the emergency room because she tried to fly off of her bunk bed like her favorite
superhero. What accounts for this?
a.
Andrea has confused reality and fantasy.
b.
Andrea is playing out a gender stereotype.
c.
Andrea is cognitively delayed.
d.
Andrea was probably coerced by an older sibling.
21. Advertisers report that children start asking for brand names as early as age
a.
2
b.
5
c.
8
d.
10
22. The number of sexual scenes on television has _________ since 1998.
a.
nearly doubled
b.
nearly tripled
c.
increased five-fold
d.
remained the same
23. According to your text, when sexually suggestive bedroom scenes are shown on television, the couples in the scenes
are typically
a.
married.
b.
unmarried.
c.
married or unmarried—both types of couples are shown in equal frequency.
d.
none of these; couples are never shown in sexually suggestive bedroom scenes on television.
24. According to your text, which of the following is true?
a.
Family discussions of televised sexuality can help offset what teens see on television.
b.
A significant portion of adolescents’ information about sexuality comes from prime-time television.
c.
Sex appeal and sexual activity are glamorized on television.
d.
All of these are correct.
25. Studies of television find that preschoolers show elevated attention to
a.
women.
b.
lively music.
c.
repetition.
d.
all of these.
26. Wilson and Weiss (1993) found that co-viewing a television show with _________ increased preschoolers’ enjoyment
of a scary program.
a.
parents
b.
teachers
c.
older siblings
d.
a blanket
27. One way that parents can mediate children’s television viewing is by
a.
allowing children to choose their own shows.
b.
allowing unlimited access to the television.
c.
controlling the number of hours of television exposure.
d.
putting a TV in the child’s bedroom.
28. Action for Children’s Television is an example of which of the following?
a.
Public interest group
b.
Law protecting children
c.
Legislative body
d.
Government agency
29. Reading differs from other types of media influences in that
a.
literary language is more complex.
b.
reading requires a child to process information.
c.
reading requires a child to engage in fantasy.
d.
all of these.
30. Print-based culture is still the primary basis for information about all of the following except
a.
education.
b.
religion.
c.
government.
d.
entertainment.
31. One key difference between books and magazines in relation to socialization is that magazines contain
a.
stories.
b.
advertisements.
c.
written language.
d.
page numbers.
32. Books and magazines tend to portray males as _________, whereas females are portrayed as _________.
a.
active; passive
b.
immobile; mobile
c.
passive; aggressive
d.
invisible; visible
33. Biases one might find in a textbook include which of the following?
a.
Invisibility
b.
Stereotyping
c.
Fragmentation and isolation
d.
All of these
34. Separating issues, information, and contributions of certain groups from main instructional materials rather than
integrating them is an example of
a.
name-calling.
b.
fragmentation and isolation.
c.
linguistic bias.
d.
cosmetic bias.
35. The omission of feminine and ethnic group references, pronouns, and names is an example of
a.
name-calling.
b.
fragmentation and isolation.
c.
linguistic bias.
d.
cosmetic bias.
36. Which form of media is considered to be the expression of the youth subculture?
a.
Magazines
b.
Books
c.
Movies
d.
Music
37. In one study, college students who heard a violent song felt more _________ than those who heard a similar but
nonviolent song.
a.
hostile
b.
relaxed
c.
confused
d.
numb
38. The phenomenon in which an individual exposed to a suggestion will act on that suggestion is called
a.
contagion.
b.
reflection.
c.
cosmetic bias.
d.
stereotyping.
39. Children ages birth to 6 spend as much time with television, computers, and video games as they do
a.
in cooperative play.
b.
playing outside.
c.
in model-building play.
d.
in formal operational thought.
40. In the United States, how many children have access to computers at school?
a.
5%
