c.
“Keep fresh fruit or carrot sticks in the fridge at work so you won’t be tempted to raid the
vending machine for a snack.”
d.
“Starting an aerobic exercise plan may seem daunting, but you can start out with shorter,
easier sessions and then build up to 3 or more hours a week.”
e.
“Loss of even 5 to 10 pounds can improve your health.”
COMPLETION
1. An estimated ____________________ percent of U.S. children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years are
either overweight or obese.
2. The enzyme ____________________ plays a major role in the metabolism and transport of lipids,
3. ____________________ is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive appetite, massive obesity,
short stature, and often mental retardation.
4. ____________________ maintains homeostasis by regulating food intake and energy expenditure in
response to adipose tissue.
5. ____________________ is secreted primarily by the stomach cells and promotes eating and weight
gain by increasing smell sensitivity, stimulating appetite, and promoting efficient energy storage.
6. A(n) ____________________ includes all of the circumstances that we encounter daily that push us
toward fatness.
7. Dietary supplements containing ____________________ have been implicated in numerous heart
attacks and seizures, resulting in about 100 deaths and, although banned by the FDA, are still available
on the Internet.
8. The weight-loss drug ____________________ interacts with brain serotonin receptors to increase
satiety and reduce food intake.
9. The weight-loss drug ____________________ inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in the GI tract, thus
blocking digestion and absorption of dietary fat and limiting energy intake.
10. In ____________________, the surgeon constructs a small stomach pouch and creates an outlet
directly to the small intestine, bypassing most of the stomach, the entire duodenum, and some of the
jejunum.
MATCHING
a.
1
k.
Set point
b.
2
l.
White fat
c.
10
m.
Cinch!
d.
40
n.
Brown fat
e.
69
o.
Ephedrine
f.
200-300
p.
Liposuction
g.
Leptin
q.
Bypass
h.
Orlistat
r.
Lipoprotein lipase
i.
Ghrelin
s.
Cognitive restructuring
j.
The Dukan Diet
t.
Obesogenic
1. Percentage of U.S. adults considered overweight or obese
2. An enzyme that promotes fat storage
3. A term that describes environmental influences that promote weight gain
4. A theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by internal controls
5. Substitution of positive, supportive thoughts for negative, self-defeating thoughts
6. Hormone that regulates appetite in response to body fat levels
7. Hormone that stimulates appetite
8. A nutrient-dense diet composed mainly of plant-based foods
9. Type of adipose that primarily stores fat
10. Type of adipose that primarily produces heat
11. Percentage of nonprescription weight-loss product users in the United States who are at a normal
weight
12. Substance in some herbs that may cause heart attacks and seizures
13. A high-protein, low-kcalorie diet
14. Surgical procedure on the stomach
15. Inhibitor of pancreatic lipase
16. Minimum BMI of a clinically severe obese person
17. A cosmetic surgical procedure
18. Safe rate of weight loss, in pounds per week, for a person weighing 250 pounds
19. Recommended minimum number of minutes per week of moderately intense physical activity to
prevent weight gain
20. Percentage of U.S. adults classified as underweight
1. Discuss differences in fat cell metabolism between males and females.
2. Explain the role of lipoprotein lipase enzyme in fat cell metabolism.
3. Explain the set point theory of weight change.
4. Discuss the interactive roles of leptin and ghrelin in food intake control.
5. Contrast the metabolic roles of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue.
6. Discuss the meaning and significance of the term “obesogenic environment.”
7. Describe psychological problems encountered by obese people in their attempts to lose weight.
8. Describe the approaches for weight loss by surgery. What are the benefits and what are the adverse
side effects of these procedures?
9. In obese people, what are the physical and metabolic advantages from as little as a 5– to 10-lb loss of
weight?
10. Outline the recommendations for a successful weight-loss diet.
11. Explain the role of fiber in assisting weight loss.
12. Explain the relationship of physical activity and appetite control.
13. List five strategies common to people who have been successful at maintaining their weight loss.
ANS:
14. Why are fad diets so appealing?
15. List five guidelines each for identifying a fad diet.