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True / False
1. It is impossible to conduct a controlled experiment to study the effectiveness of certain types of police patrol.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Data on what occurs when an officer encounters a citizen— when the officer is either on an assignment from the
dispatcher or on self-initiated activities—can best be retrieved from researcher observations.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The Kansas City study demonstrated that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made no difference within
the community.
a.
True
b.
False
4. At the conclusion of the Kansas City study, everyone in the community knew that an experiment regarding policing had
been conducted in his or her community.
a.
True
b.
False
5. The Kansas City study indicated that our traditional three cornerstones of policing might not be the most effective way
to do police work.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Research during the past 20 years has pointed out that we can depend on television portrayals for realistic examples of
police work.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Rapid response to 911 calls works better in discovery crimes than in involvement crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
8. A specific type of saturation patrol is a crackdown, which generally targets a specific violation of the law, such as a
traffic violation.
a.
True
b.
False
9. The Newark foot patrol study concluded that foot patrols do not make citizens feel safer.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Police departments are restricting the use of pursuits and using alternative methods to catch the individuals who
attempt to elude police officers.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Typically, the larger urban departments such as New York; Chicago, Washington; D.C.; and Los Angeles have
deployed two-officer cars, and most suburban and rural departments prefer one-officer cars.
a.
True
b.
False
12. According to research, red-light cameras that target traffic violators seem to reduce the occurrence of traffic violations
at that location.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Police officers are never allowed to use potentially deadly force (e.g., ramming a vehicle) to end a high-speed chase of
a suspect, even if the suspect’s actions risk the safety of other drivers and pedestrians.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Decoy operations involve using occupied vehicles in strategic locations to give the perception of omnipresence.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Predictive policing involves linking data and clues to potential suspects or victims by identify at-risk groups,
individuals, and locations.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The premise of smart policing is that agencies themselves are in the best position to know their specific crime
problems.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Distracted drivers are able to multi-task effectively while driving.
a.
True
b.
False
18. According to Jonathan Adkins, the next big issue in highway safety is speed enforcement.
a.
True
b.
False
19. One of the newest forms of aggressive driving known to post a public safety threat is motorcycle swarms.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Which of the following is not one of the three traditional ways we do police work in the United States?
a.
retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
b.
random routine patrol
c.
proactive investigations
d.
rapid response to calls by citizens to 911
21. In effect, the Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made any
difference within the:
a.
community.
b.
control group.
c.
police department.
d.
experimental group.
22. Random patrol is commonly believed by police administration to create a sense of:
a.
semipresence.
b.
omnipresence.
c.
nonpresence.
d.
none of these choices.
23. The Kansas City study occurred in the:
a.
1960s.
b.
1970s.
c.
1980s.
d.
1950s.
24. Which of the following was not one of the beats established in the Kansas City study?
a.
reactive
b.
proactive
c.
control group
d.
variable testing group
25. In the proactive group in the Kansas City study, the police presence was:
a.
doubled or tripled
b.
eliminated
c.
reduced
d.
increased 10 times
26. Which of the following is not one of the goals of patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?
a.
increased traffic citations
b.
providing sense of community security
c.
crime prevention and deterrence
d.
recovery of stolen property
27. Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?
a.
calls for service
b.
preventative patrol
c.
administrative tasks
d.
all of these choices
28. Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time?
a.
time between the crime and the call to the police
b.
time required for the police to process the call
c.
travel time from receipt of the call to arrival at the scene
d.
time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene
29. Academic studies regarding response time indicate that:
a.
citizens generally cannot or do not report crimes immediately
b.
the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within two minutes of the call
c.
the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within five minutes of the call
d.
rapid response is most important in discovery crimes
30. A ____________________ system allows nonemergency calls to be redirected or referred to other agencies.
a.
311
b.
411
c.
511
d.
611
31. ____________________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department’s budget.
a.
Fuel costs
b.
Equipment
c.
Personnel
d.
Liability insurance
32. Most departments utilize:
a.
a take-home car program
b.
person-owned vehicles (POVs)
c.
fleet vehicles
d.
preowned vehicles
33. Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff’s departments and state patrols, utilize:
a.
a take-home car program
b.
person-owned vehicles (POVs)
c.
fleet vehicles
d.
preowned vehicles
34. The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are ____________________.
a.
detective operations
b.
public appearances by the police chief
c.
patrol
d.
crime prevention
35. Which of the following does not describe the typical police pursuit, as studied by the California Highway Patrol?
a.
It occurs during the day.
b.
It starts as a traffic violation.
c.
It ends without an accident 70 percent of the time.
d.
It covers only a mile or so.
36. The police department’s generalist is the:
a.
detective
b.
patrol officer
c.
sergeant
d.
chief
37. According to the California Highway Patrol study, the most prevalent reason drivers fail to stop during a high-speed
pursuit is:
a.
the driver is in a stolen vehicle
b.
the driver wants to avoid a DWI or drug arrest
c.
the driver wants to avoid a traffic ticket
d.
the driver is afraid of or dislikes the police or enjoys the excitement of a chase
38. In 2003, nearly all police departments had pursuit policies, and ____________________ percent of local police
agencies had restrictive pursuit policies.
a.
12
b.
16
c.
37
d.
61
39. One of the authors of the classic text Police Administration was:
a.
George Herman Ruth
b.
Patrick V. Murphy
c.
O. W. Wilson
d.
James Q. Wilson
40. Who coined the term omnipresence?
a.
James J. Fyfe
b.
O. W. Wilson
c.
Patrick V. Murphy
d.
James Q. Murphy
41. The states of New York and Connecticut modeled a distracted driver campaign after the “Click It or Ticket” seat belt
campaign. The slogan for the distracted driver campaign was:
a.
“Text Today—Jail Tomorrow”
b.
“TWD = Ticket”
c.
“Phone in one hand. Ticket in the other.”
d.
“Drive—Pull over—Text”
42. Who is the author of the classic Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight
Communities?
a.
James Q. Wilson
b.
June Nelson
c.
Anthony Bouza
d.
Ernest Verdeschi
43. The calls radioed to patrol officers, or assignments given to police patrol units by 911 dispatchers, reveal the types of
problems for which people call the police and the types of problems:
a.
the police feel deserve a response by patrol units
b.
that are important to administration
c.
encountered by citizens daily
d.
that the local government wants handled
44. Which of the following are the two major methods of patrol deployment?
a.
motorized patrol and foot patrol
b.
crime patrol and bicycle patrol
c.
bicycle patrol and motorized patrol
d.
bicycle patrol and foot patrol
45. During what decade was the efficiency of foot patrols challenged?
a.
1960s
b.
1970s
c.
1980s
d.
1990s
46. During what decade did the foot patrol return to policing?
a.
1960s
b.
1970s
c.
1980s
d.
1990s
47. When researchers examined the reinstitution of foot patrol in Newark and Flint, they arrived at the conclusion that
when foot patrol is added in neighborhoods:
a.
levels of fear decrease significantly
b.
levels of fear increase significantly
c.
levels of fear remain the same
d.
the police who patrol on foot have less job satisfaction, more fear, and lower morale than do officers who
patrol in automobiles
48. A thorough study conducted in Newark regarding foot patrols concluded that adding foot patrol:
a.
increased crime
b.
decreased crime
c.
had no effect on crime
d.
decreased crime when foot patrol was added only in the business district
49. Officers who patrol specific locations at specific times to address a specific crime problem are called
____________________ patrol.
a.
split-force
b.
task force
c.
routine
d.
directed
50. ____________________ patrol is a solution to the problem of directed patrol units often getting interrupted by calls
for service, which can affect the performance of their assignments.
a.
Routine
b.
Task force
c.
Split-force
d.
Foot
51. A successful example of a directed patrol program that achieved positive results was the ____________________ gun
experiment.
a.
Kansas City
b.
Los Angeles
c.
Houston
d.
Detroit
52. In differential response to calls for service, responses to citizens’ calls to 911 are matched to the type and
____________________ of the calls.
a.
severity
b.
location
c.
numerical order
d.
time of day
53. Departments that ____________________ may benefit most from differential response.
a.
suffer from financial difficulties that make it hard to hire more officers
b.
have more than 100 officers
c.
have fewer than 50 officers
d.
are located in rural areas with few officers to cover a large amount of territory
54. The aggressive saturation patrol operation in Washington, D.C., run by Chief Cathy Lanier is called:
a.
Operation ICE
b.
Operation Delta
c.
Operation Alpha
d.
All Hands on Deck
55. What agency is usually held up as a model for dealing with the mentally ill, due to its combined CIT and co-responder
program?
a.
Seattle Police Department
b.
San Francisco Police Department
c.
Houston Police Department
d.
Charleston Police Department
56. The classic study of random routine patrol was the __________ study.
57. We will always need some type of rapid police response to citizens’ calls to 911, even though we have to realize that a
__________ response is highly unrealistic.
58. The two basic kinds of tactical operations are __________patrol tactics and __________patrol.
59. __________ is a method of deploying police officers that gives them responsibility for all policing activity by
requiring them to walk around a defined geographic area.
60. __________ is the backbone of policing.
61. Prior to the 1970s, much of what we knew about police patrol was written by __________.
62. A method in which the patrol force is split and half respond to calls for service and the other half performs directed
patrol activities is called __________ patrol.
63. Police special weapons and tactical teams are popularly known as __________.
64. Using available scientific research to implement crime-fighting strategies and department policies is called
__________ policing.
65. The impression of always being there is called __________.
66. The__________ telephone system allows police departments to call citizens in the entire jurisdiction or in a particular
neighborhood to disseminate emergency information to residents.
67. Smart911 allows individuals to voluntarily _____________ their phone numbers and enter associated personal,
medical, and disability information into a secure website.
68. _______________ is a new and dangerous prank that has become more prevalent in recent years.
69. Why do citizens seem to want more police officers on foot patrol rather than in police cars?
70. What are the three traditional methods that have been used to do police work in the United States? What are some of
the reasons that the effectiveness of these methods began to be questioned?
71. Describe the Kansas City study. What was the major value of the study?
72. Explain what the academic studies regarding police patrol revealed about what the police do while on patrol.
73. Discuss the value of evidence-based policing.
74. Explain how the introduction of automobiles in police work affected police–community relations.
75. Identify and describe some alternative responses to crime that law enforcement can use rather than rapid response to
calls.
76. Explain how directed patrol differs from the traditional random patrol.
77. Explain what the research says about police pursuits and how law enforcement is responding to this information.
78. Discuss some of the issues that should be examined when deciding how to schedule personnel in road patrol.
79. Discuss the issues involved in deploying one-officer patrol cars versus two-officer patrol cars.
80. Discuss the advent of police paramilitary units (PPUs) and their effect on police work and the public perception of
police.
81. Are random patrol, rapid response to citizens' calls to 911, and retroactive investigations of past crimes - the
cornerstones of traditional police work - truly the most effective ways for the police to safeguard our
communities? Explain your answer.
