Multiple Choice
1. An internal force that drives a worker to perform well is:
a.
job satisfaction
b.
ego needs
c.
safety needs
d.
motivation
d
2. _____ determines whether a person can do the job properly and ____ determines whether that person will do it
properly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
c
3. The personality dimension of _____ is the best predictor of performance whereas _____ is the best predictor of
promotions.
a.
openness / conscientiousness
b.
conscientiousness / extraversion
c.
extraversion / agreeableness
d.
conscientiousness / stability
b
4. Consistency theory states that there is a relationship between work motivation and:
a.
self-esteem
b.
perceived fairness
c.
expectancy
d.
salary
a
5. _____ self-esteem focuses on an individual’s feelings in a particular situation whereas _____
self-esteem focuses on how a person feels about himself based on the expectations of others.
a.
Socially influenced / situational
b.
Situational / chronic
c.
Chronic / socially influenced
d.
Situational / socially influenced
d
6. Janice sends all of her new employees to a self-esteem workshop. She must believe in ______.
a.
consistency theory
b.
equity theory
c.
expectancy theory
d.
social learning theory
a
7. An employee thinks he is an idiot and will never be able to master the new computer system.
The employee takes a training class on the new system and fails. This situation might best
be explained by:
a.
social learning theory
b.
the Galatea effect
c.
expectancy theory
d.
equity theory
b
8. An employee’s supervisor places full confidence in the employee and believes that the employee
can handle a fairly difficult task. This boosts the employee’s self-esteem which in turn increases
her performance. This phenomena is known as:
a.
consistency
b.
the Pygmalion effect
c.
the Golem effect
d.
socially influenced self-esteem
b
9. Temea spends a lot of effort selecting her employees. Thus, when she hires someone, she knows they will perform well
and has a lot of confidence in them. According to _______, the employees probably will perform well.
a.
equity theory
b.
the Pygmalion effect
c.
intrinsic motivation theory
d.
goal setting theory
b
10. According to research by Eden (1998), training supervisors to use the Pygmalion Leadership Style:
a.
increases employee self-esteem
b.
does not increase subordinate self-esteem
c.
has had mixed results
d.
will save an organization money
b
11. Bob hates his work but will work hard if the supervisor is around to punish employees who are not working. Bob is
probably ______ motivation.
a.
high in extrinsic
b.
high in intrinsic
c.
low in both extrinsic and intrinsic
d.
high in both extrinsic and intrinsic
a
12. An individual’s orientation toward intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is measured by the:
a.
Employee Personality Inventory
b.
Job Descriptive Index
c.
Test of Motivational Style
d.
Work Preference Inventory
d
13. Sue is motivated by jobs in which she can help others, whereas Bob is motivated by the desire to influence others. Sue
has a high need for _______ and Bob has a high need for _______.
a.
affiliation / power
b.
affiliation / achievement
c.
achievement / affiliation
d.
achievement / power
a
14. ______ is a person’s ability to select, set, and modify goals to adapt to changing conditions.
a.
Need for affiliation
b.
Self-esteem
c.
Self-regulation
d.
Skill variety
c
15. Which of the following component of job characteristics theory involves an employee being able to connect her efforts
with an outcome?
a.
skill variety
b.
task significance
c.
autonomy
d.
task identification
d
16. ______ theory states that individuals have five major types of hierarchical needs is:
a.
Maslow’s
b.
McClelland’s
c.
FIRO
d.
ERG
a
17. In general, research on Maslow’s theory:
a.
has been very supportive
b.
has shown that there should be six levels
c.
has shown that people skip levels
d.
indicates the theory does not make intuitive sense
c
18. Which need theory has three levels of needs and allows individuals to skip levels?
a.
Maslow’s theory
b.
ERG theory
c.
Two-factor Theory
d.
McClelland’s needs theory
b
19. According to two-factor theory, ____ is an example of a hygiene factor.
a.
growth
b.
control
c.
responsibility
d.
pay
d
20. Making goals _______ would not increase their effectiveness.
a.
specific
b.
general
c.
high but attainable
d.
concrete
b
21. Fred’s parents tell him to try his best in college. Fred’s first semester GPA is 1.8 and his parents
are mad. What was wrong with the goal set for Fred?
a.
It was not specific
b.
It was not general enough
c.
It was too high
d.
Fred did not help set the goal
a
22. Three meta-analyses indicate that allowing an employee to participate in goal setting will result in:
a.
an increase in performance
b.
a decrease in performance
c.
no effect on performance
d.
decreased job satisfaction
c
23. The supervisor at a local grocery store schedules individual monthly meetings with her four
employees to let them know how they are doing in their respective areas. The supervisor is
using a technique known as:
a.
social learning
b.
modeling
c.
feedback
d.
goal setting
c
24. Matt constantly posts charts and graphs indicating the latest production statistics. Matt seems to believe in:
a.
providing feedback
b.
the Pygmalion effect
c.
intrinsic motivation theory
d.
goal setting theory
a
25. Feedback is most effective when it focuses on an employee’s ______ and the supervisor explains how the behavior
impacts _____ .
a.
behavior / others
b.
personality / the employee
c.
behavior / the employee
d.
personality / others
a
26. Operant conditioning focuses on:
a.
modeling of behavior
b.
self-esteem
c.
reinforcement of behavior
d.
employee needs
c
27. Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the effectiveness of an incentive program?
a.
Timing of the incentive
b.
Contingency of the consequences
c.
Type of incentive used
d.
All three factors should be considered
d
28. Which of the following types of rewards has been shown not to increase performance?
a.
Financial
b.
Non-financial
c.
Social
d.
All three can increase performance
d
29. A supervisor rewards a restaurant employee for cleaning the bathrooms by allowing the employee to stock the salad
bar. ______ would predict that the opportunity to stock the salad bar would actually be reinforcing.
a.
Gainsharing
b.
The Premack principle
c.
Social loafing
d.
Classical conditioning
b
30. Managers constructing a reinforcement hierarchy for employees are probably using:
a.
gainsharing
b.
the Premack principle
c.
social loafing
d.
classical conditioning
b
31. An individual does not like to do laundry but prefers to do laundry over studying for exams. Because doing laundry is
liked more than studying, _______ predicts that the opportunity to do laundry will motivate a person to study.
a.
equity theory
b.
the Anderson adage
c.
the Thompson tenet
d.
the Premack principle
32. Which part of a pay plan is designed to motivate employees?
a.
Benefits
b.
Base pay
c.
Shift and location adjustments
d.
Variable pay
d
33. Benefits provide ______ and variable pay provides _____.
a.
incentive / security
b.
security / security
c.
incentive / incentive
d.
security / incentive
d
34. Lona gives her employees attention, smiles at them, and nods her head in approval when they perform well. She is
using _____ to motivate her employees.
a.
social recognition
b.
social learning
c.
equity
d.
valence
a
35. Employees at Denton Electronics receive $3 for each electrical switch they assemble. Denton is using a _____ system.
a.
pay-for-performance
b.
merit pay
c.
gainsharing
d.
profit sharing
a
36. _______ plans are also called earnings-at-risk plans.
a.
Pay-for-performance
b.
Merit pay
c.
Stock options
d.
Profit sharing
a
37. Which of the following incentive plans is most geared toward short term performance?
a.
Pay-for-performance
b.
Profit sharing
c.
Stock options
d.
All three are short-term oriented
a
38. Janelle will receive $1,000 if her performance appraisal score is at least a 4.0. It sounds like
Janelle is under a _____ plan.
a.
pay-for-performance
b.
merit pay
c.
gainsharing
d.
profit sharing
b
39. A problem with _____ plans, is that they are based on subjective supervisor ratings.
a.
pay-for-performance
b.
merit pay
c.
stock option
d.
profit sharing
b
40. _______ incentive plans often result in social loafing.
a.
Individual
b.
Group
c.
Both individual and group
d.
Neither individual nor group
b
41. Employees at Roth Robotics receive a bonus at the end of each year. The bonus is based on the
amount of money the company made during the year. Roth is using a _______ system.
a.
pay-for-performance
b.
merit pay
c.
gainsharing
d.
profit sharing
d
42. In 2011, Harris Optical lost $450,000 in missing merchandise. As a result, it developed a
plan in which employees in 2012 would share half of each dollar under $450,000 that was
lost. Harris Optical is using a ______ plan.
a.
pay-for-performance
b.
merit pay
c.
gainsharing
d.
profit sharing
c
43. Approximately what percentage of organizations have gainsharing plans?
a.
3%
b.
11%
c.
41%
d.
83%
b
44. Which of the following is the most complicated incentive plan?
a.
Merit pay
b.
Profit sharing
c.
Stock options
d.
Pay for performance
c
45. Which of the following plans is most geared toward long-term organizational performance?
a.
Merit pay
b.
Profit sharing
c.
Stock options
d.
Gainsharing
c
46. In expectancy theory, _____ is the perceived relationship between the amount of effort an employee puts in and the
resulting outcome, and ______ is the extent to which the outcome of a worker’s performance will result in a particular
consequence.
a.
instrumentality / expectancy
b.
expectancy / instrumentality
c.
instrumentality / valence
d.
valence / expectancy
b
47. In expectancy theory, the three components are ____ to get an overall motivation index.
a.
added
b.
divided
c.
subtracted
d.
multiplied
d
48. An employer will give $3 each month to every employee with perfect attendance. According to the _____ component
of expectancy theory, this plan will not motivate employees.
a.
equity
b.
expectancy
c.
instrumentality
d.
valence
d
49. The president of Peso Bank tries to motivate employees by giving them $1,000 every time he notices them providing
excellent customer service. The problem is that the president is never in the branch offices. According to the ____
component of expectancy theory, this plan will not motivate employees.
a.
equity
b.
expectancy
c.
instrumentality
d.
valence
c
50. A waiter is asked to increase his check average by “suggestively selling” appetizers, salads, and desserts. It has been
explained to the waiter that the larger his check average, the more he will make in tips. However, the waiter does not
believe that suggestive selling will actually result in increased tips. In this scenario, the waiter’s belief that suggestive
selling is not likely to result in more tips exemplifies:
a.
equity
b.
expectancy
c.
instrumentality
d.
valence
51. Dave is the owner of Cohen’s Sassy Designs. He takes great effort to make sure that his employees know that if he
promises a reward, he will always keep his word. Dave seems to believe in:
a.
consistency theory
b.
equity theory
c.
expectancy theory
d.
social learning theory
52. According to _______, an employee’s motivation is related to how fairly she believes she is being treated compared to
other employees.
a.
Maslow’s theory
b.
equity theory
c.
consistency theory
d.
ERG theory
b
53. If an employee feels she is underpaid for the effort she exerts, she will probably:
a.
work harder
b.
not change her effort
c.
reduce her effort
d.
feel guilty
54. All of Armand’s employees make the same amount of money but he thinks they lie to each other
about how much they make. To stop this, he posts all salary information on the bulletin board.
Armand seems to believe in _______.
a.
consistency theory
b.
equity theory
c.
expectancy theory
d.
social learning theory
b
55. Employees who work with highly motivated employees are likely to be _______ than employees who work with
unmotivated coworkers.
a.
less challenged
b.
less satisfied
c.
more resentful
d.
more motivated
d
Objective Short Answer
56. What are the three types of self-esteem?
57. What are three ways to increase self-esteem?
58. What are the three characteristics of properly set goals?
59. What are the individual incentive plans?
60. What are the organizational incentive plans?
61. What are the three components to expectancy theory?
62. Taking the entire chapter into consideration, what are the key elements in motivating employees?