40. Which of the following is NOT a cause of the rapidly rising divorce rate in the U.S. today?
a. Industrialization and urbanization have undermined traditional family functions.
b. Americans are less moral today because of the pressures of globalization.
c. The rise of individualism has caused people to be less willing to make sacrifices for family members.
d. Laws have made it easier to get a divorce.
e. Economic ties holding a family together have weakened.
41. Whichformofmarriagecompensationisatransferofgoodsfromthebride’sfamilytothegroom’sfamily?
a. Bridewealth
b. Dowry
c. Bride service
d. Reciprocal exchange
e. Groom service
42. Environmental deterioration due to climate change currently displaces approximately how many individuals
worldwide each year?
a. 10 million people
b. 1 million people
c. 15 million families
d. 250,000 people
e. 500,000 families
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
43. Nuclear families are found in societies:
a. in which there is a great amount of geographic mobility.
b. that have become industrialized.
c. with complex systems of government.
d. which are highly stratified.
e. where there is a great deal of material surplus (resources).
44. The decline in the percentage of nuclear families in the United States has been influenced by all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. the acceptance of alternative lifestyles in recent years.
b. the increasing divorce rate.
c. the lower costs associated with having children.
d. delays in childbearing and marriage.
e. the expanding job market.
45. Although the nuclear family has been the ideal in the U.S. for most of the 20th century, today:
a. only slightly more than half of American families are nuclear families.
b. families look like the households portrayed in the 1950s sitcoms.
c. families prefer to be extended and not nuclear.
d. only about one household in four is nuclear.
e. only about one household in three is nuclear.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
46. In extended family systems:
a. theman’sobligationtohiswifeismoreimportantthanhisobligationstohisbrothers.
b. blood ties are more important than ties of marriage.
c. a woman cannot be controlled by another person after she is married.
d. the grandparents are the dominant figures in the household.
e. all members of the family must be wage earners.
47. All of the following are consequences associated with climate change EXCEPT:
a. a need to relocate some populations living on Caribbean islands.
b. a displacement of approximately 10 million people a year.
c. a decrease in productivity in the Southern Hemisphere regions.
d. an increasing food insecurity.
e. an erratic climate.
48. The nuclear family is based on _____ ties and the extended family is based on _____ ties.
a. blood; marital
b. marital; blood
c. inheritance; marital
d. marital; residence
e. bridewealth; dowry
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
49. How can you best describe multigenerational households?
a. In a multigenerational household, there are three or more generations.
b. In a multigenerational household, the grandparent is the primary wage earner.
c. In a multigenerational household, there is a generation gap between the spouses.
d. A multigenerational household contains a maximum of two generations.
e. A multigenerational household combines more than two families that are not related by blood.
50. Single family households headed by unwed mothers are extremely infrequent in:
a. the United States.
b. France.
c. Korea.
d. England.
e. Sweden.
51. Ferraro defines family as a social unit characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, and child rearing.
a. True
b. False
52. Young people, in a number of different cultures, are beginning to use matchmaking websites on the Internet to find
an appropriate spouse.
a. True
b. False
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
53. The notion of romantic love does not exist in most non-Western cultures.
a. True
b. False
54. Outbreeding, which occurs in human populations with strong incest taboos, has a number of positive genetic
consequences.
a. True
b. False
55. Cultures restrict the choice of marriage partners by such practices as endogamy, the levirate, and the sororate.
a. True
b. False
56. Most societies with arranged marriages assume that marriage is a union of two kin groups, not merely two
individuals.
a. True
b. False
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
57. Parallel cousins are first cousins that are born in the same year.
a. True
b. False
58. According to most anthropologists, arranged marriages are inherently immoral.
a. True
b. False
59. Thelevirateisaremarriagecustominwhichthewidowermustmarryhisdeceasedwife’ssister.
a. True
b. False
60. Family disruption theory argues that incest causes role ambiguity.
a. True
b. False
61. Seventypercentoftheworld’spopulationpracticespolygyny.
a. True
b. False
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
62. The United States has a form of marriage referred to as serial monogamy.
a. True
b. False
63. The practice of sororal polygyny tends to maximize stress and competition within the family.
a. True
b. False
64. Polygyny is outlawed in the United States, but as many as 30,000 people practice it.
a. True
b. False
65. Bride service is more common than bridewealth payment.
a. True
b. False
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
66. Within the Jie tribe of Africa, bridewealth payments are very high and tend to result in unstable and difficult
marriages.
a. True
b. False
67. Since 1980, the divorce rate in the United States has been receding.
a. True
b. False
68. The dowry is usually given to the husband, even though it belongs to the wife and is considered her property.
a. True
b. False
69. The extended family is based on marital ties and the nuclear family is based on blood ties.
a. True
b. False
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
70. In extended family systems, marriage is usually viewed more as bringing a daughter into the family than acquiring a
wife.
a. True
b. False
71. What are three social benefits of marriage?
72. Describe the family disruption theory. Is it an adequate explanation for the incest taboo?
73. Compare and contrast rules of endogamy and exogamy.
74. What are the primary benefits of cross cousin marriage?
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
75. What do societies that practice sororate do if the deceased wife does not have a sister available for her surviving
husband to marry?
76. What are three major types of marriage based on the number of spouses permitted?
77. What is the most critical factor influencing the incidence of polygyny?
78. List four of the functions of bridewealth that anthropologists have identified?
79. What is dowry?
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
80. What are the basic differences between a nuclear and extended family?
81. Describe and discuss the differences between American-style marriage and a typical marriage in India today.
82. What is a good cross-cultural definition of marriage? What are some of the challenges that emerge from attempting
to apply a single definition across cultures?
83. What types of societies allow cousins to marry? In those societies, what types of cousins can marry and why is this
arrangement preferred?
84. Compare and contrast the various explanations of the incest taboo. Why is the incest taboo of central importance for
anthropology?
85. How are the practices of levirate and sororate adaptive for the societies in which they exist?
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily
86. Compare and contrast the custom of giving a future bride a diamond engagement ring with bridewealth.
87. What are the advantages and disadvantages of polygyny for women in cultures that permit plural marriage?
88. How do new reproductive technologies challenge our understandings of family?
89. Modern-day family structure is changing in the United States. Describe how the newly-merging forms and structures
are adaptive for the lives that we have today.
90. Atthebeginningofthechaptertheterms“family”and“marriage”weredistinguished.Usingthetermsandconcepts
that you learned in this chapter, point out how they are alike and different.
Chapter9—MarriageandtheFamily