124) An analgesic is a substance that acts as a(n)
A) fever reducer.
B) disinfectant.
C) anesthetic.
D) pain reliever.
125) This substance used as an analgesic was first isolated from willow bark.
A) heptane
B) formic acid
C) salicylic acid
D) isopropyl alcohol
126) This substance is an ester of the phenol group of salicylic acid with acetic acid and is commonly
called
A) aspirin.
B) Maalox.
C) Milk of Magnesia.
D) Tylenol.
127) Esters are often used as
A) anesthetics.
B) disinfectants.
C) fragrances.
D) insecticides.
128) A green chemistry improvement for the synthesis of Zoloft, an antidepressant, was the substitution
of ________ for less environmentally-friendly solvents.
A) ethanol
B) toluene
C) hexane
D) dichloromethane
129) One drawback to the use of water as a solvent in the production of organic compounds is that
A) the reaction times are longer.
B) the organic compounds produced must be separated from water, but not from organic solvents.
C) many organic compounds do not dissolve readily in water.
D) processes that use water as a solvent require more energy.
130) All of the following are green chemistry innovations EXCEPT
A) increased use of aqueous media as solvents.
B) “on water” reactions.
C) use of petroleum-based solvents.
D) use of microwave reactors.
131) Amines are derivatives of
A) ammonia.
B) methane.
C) water.
D) amino acids.
132) The compound CH3NH2 is called
A) methylamine.
B) dimethylamine.
C) trimethylamine.
D) methyl ammonia.
133) The compound (CH3)3N is called
A) methylamine.
B) dimethylamine.
C) trimethylamine.
D) methyl ammonia.
134) The compound CH3CH2NHCH2CH2CH3 is called
A) ethylmethylamine.
B) methylpropylamine.
C) ethylpropylamine.
D) propylamine.
135) Amines are
A) acidic.
B) basic.
C) neutral.
D) variable with respect to acid/base behavior.
136) The reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine yields a(n)
A) aldehyde.
B) amide.
C) ester.
D) ketone.
137) The compound below is called
A) propanamide.
B) isopropylamine.
C) ethylamine.
D) methylamine.
138) Amino acids are multifunctional compounds that contain
A) carboxyl and amine groups.
B) carboxyl and amide groups.
C) ester and amine groups.
D) aldehyde and amide groups.
139) Amino acids are the “building blocks” of
A) carbohydrates.
B) fats.
C) proteins.
D) vitamins.
140) The following multifunctional compound is a(n)
A) amino acid.
B) ester.
C) nucleic acid.
D) protein.
141) Which of the following families of organic compounds does NOT contain an oxygen atom?
A) alcohol
B) amine
C) carboxylic acid
D) ketone
142) The name of CH3CONH2 is
A) methanamide.
B) acetamide.
C) ethylamine.
D) ethanoic acid.
143) The non-carbon atom(s) generally found in heterocyclic compounds is/are
A) sulfur.
B) sulfur and nitrogen.
C) sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.
D) halogens.
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144) Alkaloids, like morphine, caffeine, nicotine and cocaine, are heterocyclic
A) amines.
B) amides.
C) ethers.
D) esters.
145) Compounds related to the heterocyclics pyrimidine and purine are constituents of
A) amino acids.
B) nucleic acids.
C) proteins.
D) plastics.
146) Which of the following is a heterocyclic compound?
A)
B)
C)
D)
147) The name of the compound CH3CH2CH2CONH2 is
A) ethanamide.
B) propylamine.
C) butanoic acid.
D) butanamide.
9.2 True/False
1) A compound that has the general formula CnH2n will be an alkyne.
2) C5H12 is an alkane.
3) C4H8 is an alkene.
4) More than half of the ethylene produced in the United States every year is used for the manufacture of
polyethylene.
5) The reaction between hydrogen and the double bonds of alkenes is an example of an addition reaction.
6) A compound that has at least one double bond is aromatic.
7) Benzene has a carboxyl group attached to the ring.
8) Chlorinated hydrocarbons have been used as insecticides.
9) Most alcohols are very safe to ingest.
10) Diethyl ether is highly flammable.
11) The structure of the carbonyl group is C=O.
12) The carboxyl functional group contains both a carbonyl group and an amino group.
13) Carboxylic acids generally have very pleasant odors.
14) “On water” procedures utilize rapid stirring to produce a suspension of reactants with large surface
areas to increase reaction rates.
15) Microwave reactors are used to speed up reaction rates and to increase the amount of energy needed
for a reaction.
16) A compound that contains a –NH2 group is an amine.
17) Amines are acidic compounds.
18) Alkaloids, such as caffeine and cocaine, are basic compounds.
9.3 Short Answer Questions
1) What feature of carbon is probably most responsible for the fact that 95% of all compounds contain
carbon? Discuss your answer briefly.
2) The formula of the three carbon alkane is ________.
3) The name of the one carbon alkane is ________.
4) The formula for the two carbon alkane is ________.
5) The name of the seven carbon alkane is ________.
6) How is it that a class of compounds as chemically inert as the CFCs can pose an environmental
problem like the destruction of the ozone layer?
7) Why do many chlorinated hydrocarbons, like DDT and PCBs, become concentrated in the tissues of
animals?
8) Alcohols and ethers have similar functional groups, yet they have very different properties. Discuss
the structural similarities and differences between ethers and alcohols.
9) Name and draw the structure of the compound formed by the reaction of ethanol with formic acid.
10) Name and draw the structure of the compound formed by the reaction of ethanol with acetic acid.
1) Comment on the following statement from Chemistry for Changing Times: “Carbon can form an almost
infinite number of molecules of various shapes, sizes and compositions.”
2) Draw the first ten alkanes and give their names.
3) Draw an example of an alcohol and name it.
4) Draw the structure of a compound that is an isomer of benzene.
5) Give the structural formula of diethyl ether.
6) Aldehydes and ketones have similar functional groups. What is the difference between an aldehyde
and a ketone? Use acetaldehyde and acetone as examples.
7) Structurally, aldehydes are to ketones as carboxylic acids are to esters. Use the general formulas of
these compounds to make sense of this comparison.
8) Explain what a functional group is and how it simplifies the study of organic chemistry.
9) There are two amines with the formula C2H7N. Draw and name the two isomers.
10) There are four isomeric amines with the formula C3H9N. Draw three different isomers for this
formula.
11) There are many isomeric amines with the formula C4H7N. Draw and name three isomers.