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Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:
66)
I band.
66)
Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
67)
Individual muscle fiber.
67)
68)
Connective tissue surrounding muscle fiber bundles
68)
69)
Only ________ muscle cells are always multinucleated.
69)
70)
Briefly explain the sources of energy for a one-minute sustained muscle contraction.
70)
Figure 9.2
Using Figure 9.2, match the following:
71)
A band.
71)
72)
How is it that norepinephrine (NE) can inhibit smooth muscle action in airways, yet
stimulate contractions in smooth muscles everywhere else in the body?
72)
73)
How do the three muscle types respond to being stretched?
73)
74)
Compare red and white muscles relative to their speed of action and endurance.
74)
75)
Briefly, what causes rigor mortis?
75)
76)
Which cells help repair injured skeletal muscle fibers and allow regeneration of dead
skeletal muscle?
76)
Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
77)
Connective tissue covering the exterior of a muscle organ.
77)
78)
What is a muscle spasm?
78)
79)
Skeletal muscles have two special inclusions that help them perform their function of
movement. What are the two special inclusions of skeletal muscle cells and how would
they be useful to the cell?
79)
80)
Only ________ muscle cells commonly branch.
80)
Figure 9.1
Using Figure 9.1, match the following:
81)
Connective tissue sheath surrounding individual muscle fibers
81)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
82)
During isometric contraction, the energy used appears as movement.
82)
83)
An increase in the calcium ion level in the sarcoplasm starts the sliding of the thin filaments. When
the level of calcium ions declines, sliding stops.
83)
84)
The effect of a neurotransmitter on the muscle cell membrane is to modify its ion permeability
properties temporarily.
84)
85)
Muscle cells store more creatine phosphate than ATP resulting in the muscle having a reserve
source of energy.
85)
86)
A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside
the cell.
86)
87)
Eccentric contractions are more forceful than concentric contractions.
87)
88)
Smooth muscles relax when intracellular Ca2+levels drop but may not cease contractions.
88)
89)
Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle.
89)
90)
Cardiac muscle has a limited regenerative capacity.
90)
91)
Once a motor neuron has fired, all the muscle fibers in a muscle contract.
91)
92)
One of the functions of skeletal muscle contraction is production of heat.
92)
93)
A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate.
93)
94)
A contraction in which the muscle does not shorten but its tension increases is called isometric
contraction.
94)
95)
Muscle contraction will always promote movement of body parts regardless of how they are
attached.
95)
96)
When a muscle fiber contracts, the I bands diminish in size, the H zones disappear, and the A
bands do not diminish in length.
96)
97)
The thin filaments (actin) contain a polypeptide subunit G actin that bears active sites for myosin
attachment.
97)
98)
Muscle tone is the small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to weak, involuntary
contractions of its motor units.
98)
99)
Although there are no sarcomeres, smooth muscle still possesses thick and thin filaments.
99)
100)
The force of muscle contraction is controlled by multiple motor unit summation or recruitment.
100)
101)
Cells of unitary smooth muscle are found in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the
intestine.
101)
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
102)
Diffusion across the cell membrane
results in depolarization.
103)
Destroys ACh.
104)
A neurotransmitter released at motor
end plates by the axon terminals.
A)
Acetylcholinesterase
C)
Acetylcholine
102)
103)
104)
Match the following:
105)
The myosin filaments are located in
the ________.
A)
A band
105)
Match the following:
106)
The situation in which contractions
become stronger due to stimulation
before complete relaxation occurs.
107)
Continued sustained smooth
contraction due to rapid stimulation.
A)
Tetanus
B)
Wave summation
106)
107)
Match the following:
108)
Serves as the actual "trigger" for
muscle contraction by removing the
inhibition of the troponin molecules.
A)
Calcium ions
108)
Match the following:
109)
Both actin and myosin are found in the
________.
A)
A band
109)
Match the sport to the energy system primarily used to perform the activity:
110)
Weight lifting
A)
Direct phosphorylation
Match the following:
111)
The thicker filaments are the ________
filaments.
A)
Myosin
111)
Match the following:
112)
Activate synaptic vesicles in axon
terminals.
A)
Calcium ions
112)
Match the following:
113)
Depends on oxygen delivery and
aerobic mechanisms.
A)
Slow (oxidative), fatigue-resistant fibers
113)
Match the sport to the energy system primarily used to perform the activity:
114)
Marathons
115)
25 meter swim
A)
Anaerobic pathway
114)
Match the following:
116)
How a smooth increase in muscle
force is produced.
A)
Multiple motor unit summation
116)
Match the following:
117)
Used to convert ADP to ATP by
transfer of a high-energy phosphate
group. A reserve high-energy
compound.
A)
Creatine phosphate
117)
Match the following:
118)
The ________ contains only the actin
filaments.
A)
I band
118)
Match the following:
119)
Have very fast-acting myosin
ATPases and depend upon anaerobic
metabolism during contraction.
A)
Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable
fibers
119)
Match the following:
120)
Determined by alternating motor units
of a muscle organ even when the
muscle is at rest.
A)
Muscle tone
120)
Match the following:
121)
Contain abundant amounts of
glycogen.
122)
A relatively high percentage are found
in successful marathon runners.
123)
Red fibers, the smallest of the fiber
types.
124)
Abundant in muscles used to maintain
posture.
A)
Fast (oxidative or glycolytic), fatigable
fibers
121)
122)
123)
124)
Match the following:
125)
A sarcomere is the distance between
two ________.
A)
Z discs
125)
Match the following:
126)
The stimulus above which no stronger
contraction can be elicited, because all
motor units are firing in the muscle.
A)
Maximal stimulus
126)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
127)
After much delayed removal of an elbow cast, Lauren noticed her arm was immovable. What happened to her
arm?
128)
Lynn has been waking up each night with intense pain in her calves. She does not feel that it is serious enough
to seek medical attention but would like to know what is causing the pain. What would you tell her concerning
this problem? She has been playing tennis all summer for several hours each day. Could this have anything to
do with the night pain?
129)
A patient has no peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract. Explain a possible complication of this condition.
130)
The nurse encourages the patient to do his own activities of daily living such as bathing, eating, dressing, and
toileting activities. How do these activities promote physical conditioning?
131)
A patient is admitted for electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). The physician orders the neuromuscular blocking
agent succinylcholine to reduce trauma by relaxing skeletal muscles. Explain the process of muscle contraction
and how a neuromuscular blocking agent such as succinylcholine would interfere with muscle contraction.
132)
When a geriatric patient is admitted to the postsurgical unit, an important nursing measure is to prevent the
loss of muscle mass. What is the term used for loss of muscle mass and how can the patient prevent it?
133)
Aaron arrived at the hospital with the following symptoms: drooping eyelids; fatigue and weakness of his
muscles; and difficulty talking, breathing, and swallowing. What was his diagnosis?
134)
Gary was injured in an automobile accident that severed the motor neurons innervating his quadriceps. Even
though he has had extensive physical therapy, he is still suffering muscle atrophy. Why is the therapy not
working?
Answer Key
Testname: C9
Answer Key
Testname: C9
29
Answer Key
Testname: C9
30
Answer Key
Testname: C9
