46. The top factor in managers’ unethical behaviors is consistently cited as
a.
greed.
b. financial need.
c. peer
pressure.
d. behaviors of
superiors.
47. Based on surveys of managers, the society’s moral climate appears
to
a. be a direct factor in managers’ ethical
deliberations.
b. be irrelevant to
managers.
c. be a leading influence in managers’
decisions.
d. serve as a background factor in managers’
decisions.
48. The moral tone of an organization is set
by
a. the board of
directors.
b. regulatory
agencies.
c. top
management.
d. first line
managers.
49. The pressure to compromise one’s personal ethical standards is felt most by
a. board members.
b. senior managers.
c. middle managers.
d. lower level managers.
50. The most
important
factor in ethical leadership is
a. what leaders talk about.
b. the code of ethics.
c. what leaders do.
d.
discipline
of
ethics
violators.
51. Ethical leadership is founded on two pillars. These are
a. rewards and punishments.
b. the manager as a moral person and a moral manager.
c. ethical climate and ethics training.
d. ethics principles and ethics tests.
52. The three attributes ofbeiug a moral person iuclude all of the followiug
except
a. traits.
b. behaviors.
c. attitudes.
d.
decision
making.
53. Beiug a moral manager iuvolves all of the
followiug activities
except
a.
role
modeliug.
b.
communicating
about ethics and values.
c.
delegating
effectively.
d. using rewards and
discipliue
effectively.
54. Being forthright, siucere, and honest in communicatiug with others is referred to as
a. candor.
b. transparency.
c. feedback.
d. criticism.
55. refers to a quality, characteristics, or state in which activities, processes, practices, and decisions in companies
become open or visible to the outside world.
a. Opacity
b. Corporate Transparency
c. Deontological
d. Utilitarianism
56. A growing school of thought argues that should be made part of management training, executive development
programs, and business school education.
a. Leadership
b. Management
c.
Communication
d. Ethics
57. Each of the following are characteristics of servant leaders
except:
a. Persuasion
b. Deception
c. Stewardship
d.
Building
community
58. An ethics screen is
a. a set of select standards against which the proposed action is
compared.
b. a set
offmancial
criteria which must be met before the proposed action is evaluated ethically.
c. a set of investment criteria used by ethical
investors.
d. a set of ethical standards against which job candidates are
evaluated.
59. The critical factor in the success of codes of conduct is
a. who wrote the
document.
b. giving employees the chance for feedback before the document is
adopted.
c. whether or not the codes become “living
documents.”
d. the level of precision in defming what is unacceptable behavior.
60. Moral organizations
are
a. organizations that do not have unethical behaviors within their ranks.
b. developed through continuous ethics training.
c. fully populated by moral managers making moral decisions.
d. more prevalent in the United States than in other
countries.
61. Which of the following is not an element of effective ethics programs?
a.
compliance
standards
b.
systems
for
monitoring, auditing,
and reporting
c.
delegation
of authority
d. enforcement
62. Which of the following is NOT a way of perceiving ethical
codes?
a. as a magnifying glass.
b. as a compass.
c. as a shield.
d. as a club.
63. The authors state that it seems that more often than not individuals think about a moral situation briefly, and then go
with their instincts. Do you agree with this characterization of moral judgment? What evidence can you provide to
support your position?
64. Some people argue that we are experiencing a “proliferation of rights claims,” in which more and more people
are
claiming more and more rights. Do you agree with this argument? What are the implications for our society, if it is
true?
65. The concept of servant leadership states that leaders should seek first to serve their followers, and by doing so,
they
become great leaders. Evaluate this idea. Is it something that would work in the United
States?
66. From your knowledge of human behavior, do you agree with Carol Gilligan’s contention that women tend to
view
ethics differently than do
men?
67. Some people have proposed that character education be provided in schools and in corporations. Evaluate this
proposal.
68. Discuss and evaluate the Rawls principle of justice provided in the
textbook.
69. Account for the differences in perceived pressure to compromise personal standards of conduct among
senior
managers, middle managers, and lower managers. Are the actual pressures really different, or is there a
difference
in perception, or is there some other
reason?
70. One answer that has been provided to combat the sinking status of ethics officers is for them to “manage
ethics
upward,” i.e., overseeing the ethical practices of officers above them in the organization chart. Evaluate the
potential
effectiveness of this
solution.
71. One criticism of ethics hotlines is that most of the reported wrongdoings are false accusations, which can
cause
great harm to company
morale.
72. Discuss the board of directors’ role in the finn’s ethical climate.
73. Compare and contrast compliance vs. ethics
orientation.
74. Evaluate the principle of utilitarianism.
75. Defend the idea of character education being provided by
corporations.
76. The motive behind managers’ pressure on subordinates to perform is most likely the emphasis on economic
success.
Assuming this statement is tme, relate this fact to Lawrence Kohlberg’s observation that most adults operate
at
Level 2, the conventional level of moral development. What implications do these facts have for ethical behavior in
organizations?
77. Think of a time when you were presented with an ethical dilemma. How did you respond? What motivated you to
act as you did? How did you feel after you made the decision and its resulting consequences took place? Did
you
regret your decision or did you feel proud of it?
Why?
78. Explain the concept of corporate transparency. Evaluate its usefulness in creating an ethical climate within
an
organization.
79. Throughout the text, theory after theory has been offered. Some would even say that you should just go on your
“gut
feeling” anyway. With this in mind, what relevance does the common sense test and one’s best self ethical tests
have
in this idea.