Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition
Chapter 83: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology
Test Bank
1. When the neonate is born and the umbilical cord is tied, which of the following happens?
A. The venous return increases
B. The pulmonary hydrostatic pressure increases
C. The pressure in the left atrium increases
D. The pressure in the ductus arteriosus increases
2. The condition is the male child in which the testes do not descend into the scrotum is
called what?
A. Capacitation
B. Cryptorchidism
C. Varicocele
D. Thelarche
3. After birth which of the following is greater than before birth?
A. Flow through the foramen ovale
B. Pressure in the right atrium
C. Flow through the ductus arteriosus
D. Aortic pressure
4. In the fetus, there are four shunts for blood flow. What is the name of the shunt from the
pulmonary artery to the aorta?
A. Foramen ovale
B. Ductus venosus
C. Ductus arteriosus
D. Umbilicus
5. What causes the reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance in the infant at birth?
A. Pressure in the pulmonary artery increases at birth
B. The baby takes a breath and the lungs inflate
C. The ductus arteriosus constricts
D. The foramen ovale closes
E. Pulmonary artery pO2 increases
Test Bank
83-2
6. In the fetus prior to birth, where is the partial pressure of oxygen highest in the
circulatory system?
A. The right ventricle
B. The left ventricle
C. The umbilical vein
D. The carotid artery
7. You have a patient who has type I diabetes mellitus. She delivers a child that weighs 12
lbs 9 oz and is 22 inches long. Shortly after birth you would expect the blood glucose
level and the blood insulin level in the fetus to:
Glucose Insulin
A.
B.
C.
D.
8. Oxygenated blood from the placenta enters the fetus via which vessels?
A. The umbilical vein
B. The umbilical artery
C. The superior vena cava
D. The ductus arteriosus
9. The fact that the pO2 in the fetus is low is not problem to normal development. Why?
A. Red blood cells in the fetus bind less hemoglobin than in the mother
B. Red blood cells in the fetus bind more hemoglobin than in the mother
C. Red blood cells in the fetus don’t bind hemoglobin
D. Hematocrit is more important in the fetus than hemoglobin
10. Which of the following plays a role in maintaining pulmonary vascular tone in the fetus?
A. Endothelin and thromboxane
B. Bradykinin and nitric oxide
C. Estradiol
D. Chorionic gonadotropin
11. Compare the level of blood pressure in the five-day-old neonate to a five-year-old child:
A. Higher than the 5-year-old
B. Lower than the 5-year-old
C. Same as the 5-year-old
D. Not measurable
12. How long will it take after birth for the kidneys of a neonate to be fully developed?
A. One day
B. One week
C. One month
D. One year
E. They are completely developed at birth