Chapter 8—Sampling Distributions and
Hypothesis Testing
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
8.1 Hypothesis testing is necessarily part of
8.2 One of the problems we face when we try to draw conclusions from data is that
we have to deal with
8.3 In testing hypotheses we have to take into account
8.4 In hypothesis testing our job would be much easier if
8.5 + Another name for sampling error is
8.6 We are more likely to declare two populations to be different if
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8.7 + The basic idea behind hypothesis testing
8.8 If we were to repeat an experiment a large number of times and calculate a
statistic such as the mean for each experiment, the distribution of these statistics
would be called
8.9 + The central feature of all hypothesis testing procedures is
8.10 If I calculate the probability of obtaining a particular outcome when the null
hypothesis is true, I must deal with
8.11 The standard deviation of a sampling distribution is known as
8.12 + To look at the sampling distribution of the mean we would
8.13 The sampling distribution of the mean that you saw in the text
Test Bank
8.14 Sampling distributions help us test hypotheses about means by
8.15 The hypothesis that we are trying to support by running an experiment is often
called
8.16 The basic reason for running an experiment is usually to
8.17 + Which of the following is most likely to represent a statement of the null
hypothesis?
8.18 + Which of the following is a statement of H1?
8.19 + If the data are reasonably consistent with the null hypothesis, we are likely to
8.20 Whether or not we reject the null hypothesis depends on
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8.21 What is a major advantage of using null hypotheses?
8.22 Most psychological research is undertaken with the hope of
8.23 + We are most likely to reject a null hypothesis if the test statistic we compute is
8.24 The difference between a test comparing two means and a test comparing the
frequency of two outcomes is
8.25 In the finger tapping example in the text, we would reject the null hypothesis
when
8.26 To reject a null hypothesis for the finger tapping example in the text, we would
8.27 + By convention, we often reject the null hypothesis if the probability of our result,
given that the null hypothesis were true, is
Test Bank
8.28 The area that encompasses the extreme 5% of a distribution is frequently referred
to as
8.29 Sometimes we reject the null hypothesis when it is true. This is technically
referred to as
8.30 A Type II error refers to
8.31 + Which of the following pairings is correct?
8.32 We would like to
8.33 + When we are willing to reject the null hypothesis for any extreme outcome, we
are making a
8.34 A two-tailed test is _______ powerful than a one-tailed test if we are sure the
difference is in the direction that we would have predicted.
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8.35 + Another name for a one-tailed test is a
8.36 + If we erroneously conclude that motorists are more likely to honk at low status
cars than high status cars, we
8.37 The value of the test statistic that would lead us to reject the null hypothesis is
called
8.38 + A researcher was interested in seeing if males or females in large lecture classes
fell asleep more during in-class videos. The null hypothesis of this study is
8.39 + Dr. Harmon expected that her neurotic patients would come significantly earlier
to all scheduled appointments compared to other patients, and planned to run a
one-tailed test to see if their arrival times were much earlier. Unfortunately, she
found the opposite result: the neurotic patients came to appointments later than
other patients. What can Dr. Harmon conclude from her one-tailed test?
8.40 The null hypothesis is the statement that
Test Bank
8.41 A Type I error concerns
8.42 After running a t-test on the mean numbers of jelly beans that men and women eat
over the course of the year, I conclude that men eat significantly more jelly beans
than women. If men and women actually eat the same number of jelly beans, my
conclusion is
8.43 Rejecting a true null hypothesis is known as
8.44 The probability of NOT rejecting a FALSE null hypothesis is also known as
8.45 The _______ assumes all means are equal for a given measure?
8.46 The probability of NOT rejecting a null hypothesis when it is false is called?
d) method error
8.47 A null hypothesis is rejected when
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8.48 A Type I error has occurred if we
8.49 Another name for sampling error is
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
of making a Type II error.
hypothesis is rejected.
probability of the test statistic, given that the null hypothesis is true, was .07.
for.
population mean is not specified, a two-tailed test is appropriate.
the test statistic is smaller than the critical value.
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
8.60 A child psychologist is interested in determining if a new type of cognitive
therapy will reduce behavior problems among children with ADHD more than
Ritalin will in another group of children with ADHD.
a) Write an appropriate null hypothesis.
b) Write an appropriate research hypothesis.
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8.61 Give an example of a hypothesis that would be appropriate for testing with a one-
tailed test.
8.62 Give an example of a hypothesis that would be appropriate for testing with a two-
tailed test.
8.63 Given the following p values, would you reject or retain the null hypothesis if you
want to be 95% confident that you are not making a Type I error.
a) p = .05
b) p = 1.0
c) p = .10
d) p = .025
e) p = .075
8.64 A researcher has calculated power as .40.
a) What does this mean?
b) What is the probability that this researcher will make a Type II error if the null
hypothesis is false? Explain.
8.65 Given the following hypotheses, is a one-tailed or two-tailed test more
appropriate?
a) H0: = 5, H1: 5
b) H0: = 0, H1: > 0
c) H0: = 100, H1: < 100
8.66 The average test score of individuals in the study skills group is 80 and the
standard deviation is 7.5. Jessica got a 65. Do you think Jessica was in the study
skills group? Explain.
8.67 Another student concluded that James was in the study skills class based on his
exam score, but in fact he was not. What type of error did the student make?
8.68 A research article stated that there was a mean difference in depressive symptoms
between male and female clients. The p value was .075. What does this mean?
8.69 Explain how a critical value is used to test hypotheses.
Answers to Open-ended Questions
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