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1. Whoamongthefollowingisnotconsideredarelational Gestalt therapist?
a. FritzPerls
b. LauraPerls
c. MiriamPolster
d. ErvingPolster
2. Gestalt therapy is a form of:
a. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy.
b. neo-Freudian analytic therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. existential therapy.
3. Field theory asserts that:
a. the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
b. human beings have a innate capacity to self regulate.
c. the organism must be seen in its environment, or in its context, as part of the constantly changing field.
d. phenomenological inquiry is the key to behavior change.
4. Prerequisites for good contact involves all of the following except:
a. zest.
b. creativity.
c. imagination.
d. projection.
5. Erving Polster believes that storytelling:
a. is always a form of resistance.
b. can be the heart of the therapeutic process.
c. isacceptableonlyifone’sclientisawriter.
d. isanindicationthatone’sclientisapathologicalliar.
6. It is essential that counselors establish a relationship with their clients, so that the clients will:
a. be less divulging during an assessment.
b. be less focused on the here and now.
c. feel trusting enough to participate in the learning that can result from Gestalt experiments.
d. be more willing to be involved in process-oriented diagnosis.
7. A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is the:
a. emphasis on contact.
b. approach to confrontation.
c. use of techniques.
d. focus on the figure formation process.
8. The Gestalt therapist:
a. freely makes interpretations for the client.
b. pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.
c. is mainly nondirective.
d. helps the client understand why he or she is behaving in self-defeating ways.
9. In Gestalt theory, the experiment is:
a. a specific technique of therapy.
b. tailoredtofittheclient’suniqueneedsandpresentedinaninvitationalmanner.
c. a ready-made exercise used to achieve a behavioral goal.
d. a scientific procedure to assess the effectiveness of therapy.
10. When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of the
following techniques would be most appropriate?
a. Making the rounds
b. The reversal technique
c. The internal dialogue exercise
d. The rehearsal exercise
11. Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help
Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might:
a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it.
b. have Greta undergo hypnosis.
c. askGretatofreeassociatetothewords“slouchedposture.”
d. refer her to an orthopedic surgeon to rule out scoliosis.
12. A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as
tenderness) is:
a. makingtherounds.
b. thereversalexercise.
c. therehearsalexercise.
d. theemptychairtechnique.
13. Mariah tells her therapist, a Gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pit bull and felt uneasy about telling
her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered their son-in-law was a pit bull, they disowned
herandsuddenlybecamedogsthemselves.Inresponsetothisdream,Mariah’stherapist:
a. may need to contact a psychiatric hospital (and possibly an animal shelter) since it is likely Mariah
unconsciously desires to marry a dog.
b. should interpret the dream for her client.
c. should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become
each part of the dream.
d. should encourage her client to forget the dream since it was meaningless.
14. The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests:
a. we change by setting future-oriented goals.
b. clients should pay particular attention to becoming the person they wish to be.
c. careful attention should devoted to changing behavior in the moment it is happening.
d. authentic change occurs more from being who we are than from trying to be who we are not.
15. The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is:
a. attaining awareness and contact with the environment.
b. to understand why we feel as we do.
c. to uncover repressed material.
d. to help clients develop better social skills.
16. According to the Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams:
a. they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives.
b. that suggests they have no internal conflicts.
c. they are sound sleepers.
d. they lack creativity.
17. A contribution of this therapeutic approach is:
a. it enables intense experiencing to occur over a long period of time.
b. it can be a relatively long therapy.
c. it stresses talking about problems, as opposed to doing and experiencing.
d. the exciting way in which the past is dealt with in a lively manner by bringing relevant aspects into the
present.
18. According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to:
a. help assist them in facing unfinished business.
b. keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions.
c. help them work to change.
d. help express feelings openly.
19. Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is:
a. weak.
b. welldeveloped.
c. becomingstronger.
d. unavailable.
20. According to Gestalt theory, all of the following are true about contact except:
a. contact is necessary for change and growth to occur.
b. one maintains a sense of individuality as a result of good contact.
c. withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis.
d. contact is made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving.
21. In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as:
a. the heart of therapy.
b. a place for the therapist to work on personal issues.
c. not being an I/Thou interaction.
d. technique bound.
22. Which of the following is not true about Gestalt techniques?
a. “Exercises”arereadymadetechniques.
b. “Experiments”growoutoftheinteractionbetweentherapistandclient.
c. Clients need to be prepared for their involvement in Gestalt techniques.
d. Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it.
23. Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls?
a. He was the main originator and developer of Gestalt therapy.
b. During his childhood, he was a model student.
c. He was influenced by psychoanalytic concepts.
d. HetookissuewithFreud’stheoryonanumberofgrounds.
24. The five different kinds of contact boundary disturbances include all of the following, except:
a. retroflection.
b. projection.
c. introjection.
d. introflection.
25. Whichofthefollowingaspectsofaclient’suseoflanguagewouldaGestalttherapistnot focus on?
a. "It"talk
b. "You"talk
c. Questions
d. Semantics
26. Which of the following is not true about the Gestalt view of the role of confrontation in therapy?
a. It is not possible to be both confrontational and gentle with clients.
b. It is important to confront clients with the ways they are avoiding being fully alive.
c. Confrontation does not have to be aimed at negative traits.
d. Confrontation should be a genuine expression of caring.
27. Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group
members?
a. The rehearsal exercise
b. The reversal technique
c. Making the rounds
d. The exaggeration technique
28. The empty chair technique:
a. assists clients in deciding what chair they like.
b. is a vehicle for the technique of role reversal.
c. allows clients to internalize a role and not share.
d. does not help resolve unfinished business.
29. Which of the following is notoneofMiriamPolster’sthreestagesinherintegrationsequence?
a. Reunification
b. Discovery
c. Assimilation
d. Accommodation
30. A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in:
a. introjection.
b. projection.
c. retroflection.
d. confluence.
31. Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal
conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?
a. Introjection
b. Projection
c. Retroflection
d. Confluence
32. Which of the following is notoneoftheGestaltgroupleader’sroles?
a. Designing experiments for group members
b. Evoking group catharsis
c. Engaging in self-disclosure
d. Facilitating contact in the group setting
33. __________ are preplanned activities that can be used to elicit emotion, produce action, or achieve a specific
goal.
a. Cathartic events
b. Faultyexperiments
c. Exercises
d. Conflictingopinions
34. Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as a:
a. way that clients avoid confrontation.
b. sign of poor motivation for therapeutic work.
c. therapy interfering force that needs to be overcome.
d. creative adjustment to a situation and something to be respected.
35. One of the main contributions of the Gestalt approach is its:
a. behavioral training models.
b. emphasis on learning to appreciate and fully experience the present moment.
c. attempt to remain focused on the past.
d. ability to allow the client to remain oblivious to his or her behavior.
36. __________ involves blurring the differentiation between the self and the environment.
a. Confluence
b. Deflection
c. Retroflection
d. Projection
37. WhenaclientrecognizesheorshehasachoicedescribeswhichstageofMiriamPolster’sthreestageintegration
sequence?
a. Discovery
b. Accommodation
c. Assimilation
d. Retroflection
38. __________ grow out of the interaction between client and therapist and emerge within this dialogic process.
a. Exercises
b. Figureformations
c. Fantasies
d. Experiments
39. Which technique takes an anticipated event and brings it into the present moment to act out?
a. Emptychair
b. Futureprojection
c. Internaldialogue
d. Makingtherounds
40. WhenaclientlearnshowtoinfluencehisorherenvironmentdescribeswhichstageofMiriamPolster’sthree
stage integration sequence?
a. Discovery
b. Accommodation
c. Assimilation
d. Retroflection
41. Gestalt theory is best considered as a form of psychoanalytic therapy.
a. True
b. False
42. The Gestalt therapist typically uses diagnosis and interpretation as a basic part of the therapeutic process.
a. True
b. False
43. In the Gestaltist view, unfinished business is best explored in the present.
a. True
b. False
44. A Gestalt therapist pays attention to ways the client uses language.
a. True
b. False
45. Therapy is based upon the successful resolution of the transference relationship.
a. True
b. False
46. Both contact and withdrawal are necessary and important to healthy functioning.
a. True
b. False
47. Gestalttherapymakesuseofawidevarietyoftechniquesthataredesignedtoincreasetheclient’sawarenessofhis
or her present experiencing.
a. True
b. False
48. According to Perls, awareness of and by itself is not sufficient to lead to change; clients must also put their
experiences into some type of cognitive framework if change is to happen.
a. True
b. False
49. The Gestalt approach to dream work consists of the therapist interpreting the meaning of the symbols in the dream.
a. True
b. False
50. Since Gestalt therapists believe that questions have a tendency to keep the questioner hidden, safe, and unknown,
they often ask clients to change their questions into statements.
a. True
b. False
51. Gestalt therapy is designed for individual counseling, and it typically does not work well in groups.
a. True
b. False
52. One of the contributions of Gestalt therapy is the vast empirical research that has been done to validate the specific
techniques used.
a. True
b. False
53. ThegoalofGestalttherapyistosolvebasicproblems,toresolveone’spolarities,andtohelptheindividualtoadjust
to his or her environment.
a. True
b. False
54. Gestaltists typically ask why questions in the attempt to get clients to think about the source of their problems.
a. True
b. False
55. Gestalt therapy focuses on the cognitive aspects of therapy.
a. True
b. False
56. Gestalt techniques can be considered experiments.
a. True
b. False
57. Part of success in using Gestalt techniques is contingent upon preparing clients for these techniques.
a. True
b. False
58. MostoftheGestalttechniquesaredesignedtointensifyone’sexperiencing.
a. True
b. False
59. Gestalttherapiesviewaclient’savoidancebehaviorasrelatedtounfinishedbusiness.
a. True
b. False
60. Blocked energy is a form of defensive behavior.
a. True
b. False
61. Retroflection involves doing to others what we would like them to do to us.
a. True
b. False
62. InGestalttherapy,aclient’sresistanceiswelcomedandusedtodeepentheirtherapeuticwork.
a. True
b. False
63. People who rely on retroflection tend to inhibit themselves from taking action out of fear of embarrassment, guilt,
and resentment.
a. True
b. False
64. A current trend in Gestalt therapy is toward greater emphasis on the client/therapist relationship rather than on
techniques.
a. True
b. False
65. Gestalt therapy is lively and promotes direct experiencing rather than the abstractness of talking about situations.
a. True
b. False
66. Since Gestalt therapy focuses on the here-and-now, the past is neither explored nor given emphasis.
a. True
b. False
67. In Gestalt terms, awareness refers to our connectedness to our external and internal worlds.
a. True
b. False
68. Genuine knowledge is the product of what the person understands of the situation of another.
a. True
b. False
69. Although Perls used a highly confrontational approach in dealing with client avoidance and resistance, the
confrontational model is not representative of contemporary Gestalt therapy.
a. True
b. False
70. Gestalt group therapists use experiments to encourage clients to move from talking about action to taking action.
a. True
b. False
