77) Attitude surveys, employee diaries, tests, and performance appraisals are tools for
conducting a performance analysis.
78) Lower-level managers who are given firsthand experience working on existing problems are
being trained through the special assignments approach.
79) The American Society for Training and Development estimates that approximately 20% of
what employees learn on the job is learned through informal means while the rest is learned
through formal training programs.
80) Apprenticeship training is a step-by-step self-learning method which uses a textbook,
computer, or the Internet.
81) Evidence suggests that Web-based instruction is significantly more effective than classroom
instruction for teaching information about how to perform a job-related task.
82) Providing learning content on demand through cell phones and laptops is known as mobile
learning.
83) With a lifelong learning account, employers and employees can contribute money that can be
used by employees to attend school.
84) Succession planning is a type of management development program that focuses on planning
and filling middle-management positions.
85) The case study method is an on-the job management development technique that presents a
manager with a written description of an organizational problem that needs to be diagnosed and
solved.
86) Management games are considered an effective training tool because trainees are actively
involved, and the activities help trainees focus on planning and solving problems.
87) Lewin’s change process consists of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing.
88) According to Lewin’s change process, unfreezing involves developing new behaviors,
values, and attitudes through organizational development methods such as team building.
89) During the refreezing stage of Lewin’s change process, managers are likely to use new
appraisal systems and incentives as a way to reinforce desired behaviors.
90) During the unfreezing stage of organizational change, managers need to establish a sense of
urgency, which may be accomplished by providing employees with reports indicating that the
firm faces significant problems.
91) Sensitivity training seeks to increase participants’ insight into their own behavior and the
behavior of others by encouraging an open expression of feelings in a trainer-guided t-group.
92) Organizational development is usually characterized by the use of action research and the
application of behavioral science knowledge.
93) Organizational development interventions in the area of human resource management most
likely involve changing a firm’s formal structure.
94) Survey research and team building are technostructural organizational development
techniques.
95) Integrated strategic management is an organizational development method of developing and
implementing a strategic change plan.
96) Research suggests that most firms evaluate their training programs by measuring the
reactions of participants.
97) When designing a training evaluation study, most firms prefer to use a time series design
instead of a controlled experiment because the time series design correlates change to training
while the controlled experiment cannot.
98) A time series design is a training program evaluation tool that measures the outcomes of a
group that receives training with the outcomes of a group that receives no training.
99) The four basic categories of training program outcomes that are typically measured include
reactions, learning, behavior, and results.
100) Team training is used by many firms to develop strong management teams, enhance
interpersonal skills, and encourage job flexibility.
101) What is the purpose of employee orientation? What role does training play in employee
orientation?
102) In a brief essay, discuss how mobile devices, such as iPhones, are used by firms to facilitate
both employee orientation and employee training.
103) What are the four steps involved in the training process? After a training program has been
established, how can managers make the training material more meaningful for employees?
104) What is the difference between a task analysis and a performance analysis? What is the
purpose of each in regards to training?
105) What is on-the-job training? What types of on-the-job training methods are most frequently
used by employers?
106) What is audiovisual-based training? Under what circumstances is audiovisual-based
training especially effective?
107) What is programmed learning? What methods make it easier for trainees to transfer the
skills they gain through programmed learning from the training site to the work site?
108) Both action learning and management games require trainees to work in groups. In a brief
essay, explain the similarities and differences between the two management development
techniques.
109) In a brief essay, discuss the theory behind Kurt Lewin’s model of change. According to
Lewin, what is the process that should be followed to implement organizational change?
110) What is meant by the idea of organizational change? How does organizational development
facilitate organizational change?