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Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
52. The decline in approximately 70% of the world’s bird species is particularly alarming to scientists because ____.
a.
this is the first time any bird species have been threatened with declining numbers
b.
the cause is a non-human activity that scientists cannot determine.
c.
only land birds are affected, while water birds seem to be maintaining normal population numbers
d.
birds are excellent environmental indicators
e.
bird watching now generates a significant portion of tourist dollars in some countries
53. Establishing international treaties that ban the transfer of potentially harmful species from one country to another is a
good way to control ____.
a.
overexploitation
b.
poaching
c.
population growth
d.
habitat fragmentation
e.
invasive species
54. The international illegal trade in wildlife brings in an average of ____.
a.
$600,000 per year
b.
$1.8 million per hour
c.
$1.1 million per year
d.
$500,000 per hour
e.
$100 million per year
55. In a biomagnification situation, a chemical pollutant ____ at each trophic level in a food chain or web.
a.
decreases
b.
increases
c.
becomes less concentrated
d.
changes
e.
enters the system
56. According to a 2013 study by the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD), almost ____ of the ESA–protected species
are recovering at the rate projected in their recovery plans.
a.
none
b.
90%
c.
35%
d.
20%
e.
10%
57. Why has the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity been slow?
a.
lack of acceptance by the United Nations
b.
war and conflict in many biodiversity hotspots
c.
inability of poor countries to enforce the conventions
d.
lack of ratification by key counties including the United States.
e.
difficulties in controlling poaching
58. The Endangered Species Act was designed to ____.
a.
catalogue and protect threatened species from extinction in the United States
b.
identify and protect endangered species only in the United States
c.
identify and protect endangered species in the United States and abroad
d.
develop recovery plans for listed species more quickly
e.
emphasize the protection of biological diversity and ecosystem functioning
59. Egg pulling refers to ____.
a.
techniques used to extend the breeding span of captured birds
b.
collecting eggs from the wild and hatching them in zoos or research centers
c.
using fertility drugs to increase productivity
Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
d.
production of hybrids in captive breeding programs
e.
collecting unfertilized eggs from ovaries of wild animals
60. Captive breeding programs in zoos ____.
a.
eliminate the need to preserve critical habitats
b.
can be used for most species except mammals
c.
increase the genetic variability of species
d.
require the captive population to number between 100 and 500
e.
are largely unsuccessful
61. Recent genetic research indicates that ____ or more individuals are needed for an endangered species to maintain its
capacity for biological evolution.
a.
10
b.
100
c.
1,000
d.
10,000
e.
100,000
62. A small orchid plant that is found only on a tiny island in the Atlantic Ocean, just off the coast of Florida, has been
listed as an endangered species. Which agency was responsible for listing this plant as endangered?
a.
National Marine Fisheries Service
b.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
c.
U.S. Botanical Survey
d.
International Commission on Rare Plants
e.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
63. What does the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) specifically address?
a.
poaching of all protected wild species
b.
determining which species become listed as threatened
c.
banning the hunting, capturing, and selling of threatened or endangered species
d.
establishing trade laws for all economically important wild species
e.
legally requiring governments to reduce the global rate of biodiversity loss
64. What agency or group is responsible for studying the status of threatened dolphins and whether it should be listed as
endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act?
a.
Environmental Protection Agency
b.
CITES
c.
National Marine Fisheries Service
d.
Convention on Biological Diversity
e.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
65. What HIPPCO activity is the main threat to the beaches where endangered sea turtles breed?
a.
invasive species
b.
pollution
c.
fragmentation
d.
climate change
e.
use of pesticides
66. What is to the best approach to preserving genetic information for endangered plant species?
a.
national laws
b.
protected areas
c.
wildlife refuges
d.
arboretums
e.
seed banks
67. When it comes to wood products, what is the most important step you can take to help protect endangered species?
a.
Do not buy furs or ivory.
b.
Do not buy wood products from tropical or old-growth forests.
c.
Do not buy pet animals from the tropics.
d.
Support your local forester.
e.
Avoid having campfires.
68. The endangered species act requires that all commercial shipments of wildlife products ____.
a.
be inspected for disease carrying animals
b.
enter or leave the country through one of 17 designated ports
c.
file for appropriate permits through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
d.
pay heavy import taxes that discourage trafficking of endangered species
e.
occur in specially designed container that protect animals and plants
69. ____________________ are environmental indicators because they live in every climate and biome, respond quickly
to environmental changes in their habitats, and are fairly easy to track and count.
70. Polar bears might be found only in ____________________ by the end of this century.
71. A habitat that is isolated by roads, agriculture, or urban development is called a(n) ____________________.
72. Birds contaminated with ____________________ have been unable to successfully reproduce because of excessively
fragile eggshells.
73. The United States has not signed or ratified the ____________________ treaty.
74. Biologists conservatively estimate that the current extinction rate is at least ____________________ times the normal
background extinction rate.
75. Scientists believe that the greatest human influenced threat to wild species is ____________________.
76. ____________________ is a process by which chemicals entering the food chain in lower organisms become
concentrated as they move to animals at higher trophic levels.
77. The growing consensus is that the European honeybee ____________________ is likely caused by a combination of
interacting factors related to several forms of environmental degradation.
78. Most species reintroductions fail because a suitable ____________________ is not available.
79. The ____________________ relationship explains how 90% of land habitat loss can cause 50% of the species to go
extinct in a given area.
80. In the 1600s, English settlers introduced the ____________________, which is a deliberately introduced invasive
species that is used to pollinate most crops.
81. Of the species now listed under the Endangered Species Act, more than ____________________ have populations
that are either stabilizing or improving.
82. Current and projected extinction rates in ____________________ or highly endangered areas of biodiversity are much
higher than the global average.
83. Habitat degradation is causing a(n) ____________________ because there are less places for new species to emerge.
84. Chemical pesticides used during the 1950s and 1960s actually hastened the advance of the Argentina fire ant by
effectively wiping out the ____________________populations.
85. The best method for reducing threats from invasive species is through ____________________ efforts.
86. ____________________ are people who look for plants and animals that may have medicinal value.
87. Many species provide ____________________ that we depend upon for industry and basic living needs.
88. Preserving wild species for tourists rather than for hunters may provide more revenue for a country through
____________________.
89. Birds are excellent ____________________ species because they respond to habitat and climate changes very quickly
relative to other kinds of plants and animals.
90. Some birds provide important ecological services in pollination and seed dispersal. As such, a declining bird
population could cause a(n) ____________________ of extinctions.
91. Would you support legislation that would allocate monetary compensation to land owners to help protect endangered
species that occur on their property? Why or why not?
92. List four things that you do that can contribute to help protect wild species?
Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
93. Refer to the accompanying table. A biologist wishes to see threatened bird species on her vacation, assuming that
these species may not be around much longer. She decides to travel to the two countries with the highest density of
threatened species per square kilometer. Which countries will she be visiting?
94. Refer to the accompanying table. A traveling biologist decides to contribute money to the two developing countries
that seems to be most focused on their threatened bird species, based on the percentage of land area that is set aside for
conservation. What two countries will be recipients of her donations?
95. Please list at least two methods of limiting the harmful impact of invasive species as described in your text.
96. Describe the three primary challenges for scientists when attempting to estimate extinction rates.
97. Explain the concept of a national park; in particular, discuss how a national park can be a habitat island.
98. Use the acronym HIPPCO to describe what is currently happening to the world’s wild bird species.
99. Briefly discuss the rising demand for bushmeat.
100. If you take a driving vacation to Mexico and then return to the United States in your car, you will be stopped at the
border by U.S. agents who will ask if you are carrying any plants or animals. If you have any native plants with soil, these
could be confiscated. What is the benefit to this process?
