40. In Mexico, it is very common for highly successful people to make career decisions based on:
a. the needs of the extended family.
b. the needs of the nuclear family.
c. the needs of society as a whole.
d. self-interest.
e. salary.
41. In what decade did globalization emerge as a primary worldwide process?
a. 1850s
b. 1880s
c. 1950s
d. 1980s
e. 1990s
42. What is the basic premise that drives the process of globalization?
a. Formal economy is much better than informal economy.
b. Economies worldwide will improve if we utilize the lessons of the Industrial Revolution and focus solely on
import and export.
c. Economies will be healthier and will grow better if we operate in free markets with free trade and
competition.
d. Global trade will increase cultural homogeneity and decrease incidence of warfare and intolerance.
e. Economies should be left alone because no country can actually regulate them.
Chapter8—Economics
43. Which of the following has NOT become globalized?
a. Production
b. Distribution
c. Manufacturing
d. Design
e. All of these have become globalized
44. What is the main source of income for the Tlingit Indians of Alaska and Canada?
a. Hunting
b. Tourism
c. Social services
d. Farming
e. Guide services
45. The influx of cruise liners in the northwest coast areas of Alaska and Canada causes concern because of:
a. overpopulation.
b. pollution.
c. disturbance of local fisheries.
d. inflation.
e. lowering rates of native employment.
Chapter8—Economics
46. The applied project Clean the World is designed to:
a. provide leftover soap to developing countries.
b. provide medicines for children in developing countries.
c. work with refugees to set up sanitary camps in Africa.
d. support research for fuel alternatives.
e. provide funding for projects that establish clean drinking water for small towns.
47. The pro-corporation perspective supporting globalization is most associated with which country?
a. United States
b. France
c. Italy
d. Spain
e. Argentina
48. In the example provided at the beginning of the chapter, why did the business meetings break down between the
U.S. and Japanese golfing companies?
a. Each company had a different distribution system and they were not able to combine their companies.
b. There were cultural communication miscues and the Japanese did not see the Americans as serious or
respectful.
c. The joint venture was based on future sales probabilities and the market crashed in the middle of the
negotiations.
d. Because of tariffs and taxes, neither company would be able to make a profit internationally.
e. The Japanese and Americans disagreed on the terms of the contract.
Chapter8—Economics
49. Which of the following crops is highly subsidized by the United States government in order to make it more
competitive worldwide?
a. Peaches
b. Apples
c. Cotton
d. Potatoes
e. Green beans
50. All of the following are issues that are of significant concern to reaching social equity in the world of trade EXCEPT:
a. enforcing international labor standards.
b. enforcing international environmental standards.
c. improving international governance.
d. providing a level playing field for poorer countries.
e. improving cultural standards.
51. Economic anthropologists assume that individuals, as well as corporations, are motivated primarily by the desire to
maximize their material well-being.
a. True
b. False
Chapter8—Economics
52. In most hunting and gathering societies, land is not owned privately.
a. True
b. False
53. Formal economic theory is based on barter we see in indigenous societies.
a. True
b. False
54. The three key dimensions of cross-cultural economic systems are regulation of resources, production, and exchange.
a. True
b. False
55. If food and water supplies are predictable and fixed in location, then food-foraging societies tend to have highly
flexible boundaries.
a. True
b. False
Chapter8—Economics
56. Most horticulturalists live on communally-controlled lands.
a. True
b. False
57. In most places of the industrialized world, land is allocated on the basis of private individual ownership.
a. True
b. False
58. The household is the basic unit of production in most industrialized societies.
a. True
b. False
59. Women and men have distinct roles only because men have greater body mass and strength.
a. True
b. False
Chapter8—Economics
60. Sex and age are the universal bases for the division of labor.
a. True
b. False
61. The exchanges between parents and children in the United States are examples of reciprocity.
a. True
b. False
62. The potlatch, an example of negative reciprocity, functioned as a system of exchange of goods.
a. True
b. False
63. Bridewealth is the transfer of material goods from the bride’s to the groom’s household.
a. True
b. False
Chapter8—Economics
64. Asia and Africa continue to witness a dependence on child labor.
a. True
b. False
65. Big men are the formal chiefs of New Guinea societies who control the production of their followers without
engaging in similar productive activities.
a. True
b. False
66. Found among the Indians of the Northwest American coast, the potlatch is a mechanism of both redistribution and
social ranking.
a. True
b. False
67. The process of globalization of world economies has had the effect of reducing the gap between the rich and the
poor.
a. True
b. False
Chapter8—Economics
68. The major prerequisite for a market is that there be a monetary economy.
a. True
b. False
69. The best example of person-to-person outsourcing is the medical profession.
a. True
b. False
70. The advent of tourists to the northwest coastal area of the United States and Canada has been wholly positive for
the indigenous communities.
a. True
b. False
71. What is formal economic theory?
72. Give three reasons for opposing wage employment of children under 14 years of age:
Chapter8—Economics
73. Name and describe three types of reciprocity.
74. What is the system of exchange among American Indians that involves a competitive giveaway in order to attain
social status and distribute goods?
75. What forms can negative reciprocity take?
76. What is a market exchange?
77. Compare and contrast the chief with the big man.
Chapter8—Economics
78. What is one of the major negative consequences of globalization?
79. Define standardized currency.
80. Name three ways that a workforce can be divided.
81. Describe the aspects of economic production that all societies must face cross-culturally.
82. What are the different concepts of property rights associated with each of the following: food collectors, pastoralists,
horticulturalists, and industrialization?
Chapter8—Economics
83. What does reciprocity mean? Describe three types recognized by economic anthropologists and give examples of
each.
84. In addition to distribution by markets, what other forms of distribution of goods are found in other parts of the world
among different types of societies?
85. How might an applied anthropologist incorporate economic anthropology into their projects?
86. Because trade can be essential in the quest for survival, people may go to great lengths to establish and maintain
good trade relations. A classic example of this is the potlatch. Describe the potlatch in its economic and social
aspects.
87. In the United States and Canada, potlatches have often been at the center of heated political debate. Why do you
think the governments of these countries have felt a necessity to get so involved in this form of indigenous
exchange?
Chapter8—Economics
88. What forms of informal (unregulated) economic activity can you find in industrialized societies like Canada and the
United States? With what kinds of informal economies have you been involved?
89. Globalization has affected almost every aspect of our lives. What are some positive and negative consequences of
it?
90. In what ways do developed economies depend on developing economies? Discuss the various types of consequence
that result from this relationship.
Chapter8—Economics