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Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
True / False
1. Zoos and aquariums can be used to protect wild species and serve as gene banks.
a.
True
b.
False
2. A species is biologically extinct when it has disappeared from the earth.
a.
True
b.
False
3. One of the causes of extinction is human population growth.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Pollution from human activities primarily affects human health, with any effects on the environment are small in
comparison.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Extinction can be the result of habitat fragmentation.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Nonnative species thrive in new ecosystems because they have superior gene pools.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The primary reason polar bear population are declining is because their fur keeps their body temperature too warm in
light of global warming trends.
a.
True
b.
False
8. A low speciation rate contributes to negative effects on biodiversity.
a.
True
b.
False
9. The world’s wild species provide ecological resources and services that keep us alive and support human economies.
a.
True
b.
False
10. It is estimated that between one-fourth and one-half of the world’s plant and animal species will suffer premature
extinction by the end of this century.
a.
True
b.
False
11. The primary threat to polar bears is pollution from oil spills in Arctic waters.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The African honeybee, or killer bee, is a deliberately introduced invasive species
a.
True
b.
False
13. Both mature male lions and elephants bring in more money as ecotourism attractions than if they are poached for their
hide and ivory.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Species can be more vulnerable to storms and forest fires because of habitat fragmentation.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Invasive species have no usefulness for humans.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Argentina fire ants have developed a genetic resistance to pesticides.
a.
True
b.
False
17. The United States Endangered Species Act offers protection only for species located within United States boundaries.
a.
True
b.
False
18. A major reason for addressing increasing rates of extinctions is the issue of reduced speciation.
a.
True
b.
False
19. A major reason to preserve wild species is ro provide game hunting and fishing opportunities.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Roads do not cause habitat fragmentation.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Some plant species could go extinct if bird species become displaced by climate change and habitat loss.
a.
True
Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
b.
False
22. A decline in bird species simply means that the birds have migrated elsewhere because of their ability to fly.
a.
True
b.
False
23. The butchering and eating of some forms of bushmeat has helped to spread diseases such as HIV/AIDS and the Ebola
virus.
a.
True
b.
False
Multiple Choice
24. What is currently the most important threat to the survival of polar bears?
a.
pollutants driven by currents from oceans in more temperate climate zones
b.
hunting by native populations
c.
disruptions from tourism
d.
limited hunting opportunities due to less floating ice
e.
slow extinction as a result of documented global population cycles
25. What does the increase in incidents of polar bears visiting human settlements indicate?
a.
Polar bear populations are not declining.
b.
Limited prey is driving the bears to seek food in human settlements.
c.
Polar bear populations are increasing.
d.
Human food is more appealing to polar bears than wild seals.
e.
Polar bear populations are increasing and human food is more appealing.
Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
26. Polar bears might only be found in ____ at the end of this century.
a.
areas with icebergs
b.
very limited areas
c.
zoos
d.
the immediate north and south pole regions
e.
remote mountains with glaciers
27. The current rate of extinction is ____ compared to the rate that existed before humans arrived on the earth.
a.
about the same
b.
slightly less
c.
up to 1,000 times higher
d.
almost 1,000 times lower
e.
fluctuating wildly
28. A biologist is most likely to say that the honeybee is ____.
a.
endangered
b.
migrating away because of climate change
c.
going extinct
d.
experiencing colony collapse disorder
e.
threatened
29. An endangered species is best described as any species that ____.
a.
has fewer than two individuals remaining
b.
is in danger of becoming rare
c.
will soon become extinct in all or part of its range
d.
may eventually become threatened
Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
e.
is considered economically important
30. Extinction recoveries can ____.
a.
never happen
b.
take several million years
c.
happen over a few hundred years
d.
be detrimental to existing species
e.
only happen in the absence human activity
31. Biologists warn that human activities might actually increase the ____ for various weeds and pests.
a.
ecological services
b.
habitat fragmentation
c.
extinction rates
d.
biodiversity
e.
speciation rate
32. The species–area relationship suggests that if 90% of a coral reef is lost, then ____.
a.
90% of the species utilizing the reef will go extinct
b.
100% of the species will go extinct
c.
50% of the species will go extinct
d.
speciation of invasive animals will increase
e.
the habitat will forever become fragmented
33. Why is it important to know the background and projected extinction rates for global species?
a.
At least 25% and as many as 50% of the world’s roughly 2 million identified animal and plant species could
vanish
b.
The speciation rate of pests could increase to 1,000 times the background rate.
Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
c.
More species are becoming endangered in well-populated and developed countries.
d.
More species are becoming threatened in well-populated and developed countries.
e.
Background extinction rates are rising at an accelerating rate.
34. Some biodiversity experts advise us to focus our biodiversity conservation efforts on ____.
a.
slowing high rates of extinction in biodiversity hotspots
b.
slowing extinction in temperature deciduous forests
c.
saving single important species
d.
saving the polar bear which is the most endangered of all creatures
e.
saving fish populations because of their importance as a food source for humans
35. While the hide of a male lion in Kenya will bring in $1,000, if the same male lion lives to age seven, he would bring in
approximately ____ ecotourist dollars.
a.
a few hundred
b.
a few thousand
c.
$5,000
d.
$515,000
e.
$1,000,000
36. Various plant species provide value as food crops, fuelwood, lumber, and paper from trees, and useful scientific
knowledge. What term best describes this type of value?
a.
natural benefits
b.
ecotourist value
c.
ecologic provisions
d.
economic services
e.
bioprospecting
37. A major reason for preventing extinction is the belief of many people that ____.
a.
all species have economic value
b.
nature has a spiritual value
c.
wild species have a right to exist
d.
animals have the same rights as humans
e.
there is recreational value of species to humans
38. A bioprospector is someone who ____.
a.
searches for plants that can be used as biofuels
b.
tests plants and animals in various ecosystems to find chemicals that are potentially useful as medicinal drugs
c.
searches for new way to economically exploit animals
d.
prospects for wild organic foods
e.
is a biologists and medical doctor who works for private industry
39. There are an estimated 50,000 to 60,000 orangutans in the wild that are ____ at a rate of 1,000 to 2,000 per year.
a.
becoming threatened
b.
becoming endangered
c.
increasing speciation
d.
raising ecotourism dollars
e.
disappearing
40. What is the cause of extinction and reduction in wild species that compete for resources with humans?
a.
hunting similar prey
b.
use of pesticides that inadvertently kill wild species
c.
human population growth
d.
pollution
e.
invasive species
41. The greatest threat to most species is ____.
a.
loss of habitat
b.
water pollution
c.
parasites
d.
sport hunting
e.
global drought conditions
42. The greatest threat to species habitat loss is ____.
a.
climate change
b.
pollution
c.
tropical deforestation
d.
desertification
e.
invasive species
43. What is a threat to 60% of the U.S. wildlife refuges?
a.
ecotourism and hunting
b.
invasive species
c.
human population growth
d.
habitat fragmentation
e.
mining, oil drilling, and use of off–road vehicles
44. The Convention on Biological Diversity was ratified or accepted by 193 countries. Which country was NOT among
those who ratified this treaty?
a.
Russia
b.
China
c.
The United Kingdom
d.
Canada
e.
The United States
Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
45. Kudzu was deliberately introduced to the U.S. to help ____.
a.
stabilize honey bee populations
b.
eliminate other invasive species
c.
control soil erosion
d.
manage colony collapse disorders in various species
e.
produce sustainable food sources
46. The Argentina fire ant is ____.
a.
extinct because of insecticides
b.
threatened
c.
endangered
d.
an accidentally introduced species
e.
a deliberately introduced species
47. HIPPCO is ____.
a.
an acronym that summarizes the Endangered Species Act goals
b.
an acronym to summarize the direct causes of extinction resulting from human activities
c.
the name of an ecotourism company in Africa that specializes in hippopotamus sightings
d.
an acronym to summarize the health care right to privacy act
e.
an trading company in Africa that sells hippopotamus hides
48. With the absence of emergency action to curtail ____ and preserve tiger habitat, few if any tigers, including the
Sumatran tiger, will be left in the wild by 2022.
a.
pollution
Chapter 08 - Sustaining Biodiversity - The Species Approach
b.
climate change
c.
invasive species
d.
fragmentation
e.
poaching
49. What is the best way to reduce threats from invasive species?
a.
eradication
b.
prevention
c.
pesticides
d.
genetic engineering
e.
technology and science
50. The ‘extinction capital’ of the United States is ____.
a.
Florida, with 63% of its species at risk
b.
Key West, with 72% of its species at risk
c.
California, with 63% of its species at risk
d.
Hawaii, with 63% of its species at risk
e.
Puerto Rico, with 63% of its species at risk
51. The major factor in the population explosion of the zebra mussel in the Great Lakes region is ____.
a.
the zebra mussel’s specialist ecological niche
b.
because it has a hard shell that protects it from predation
c.
its ability to latch onto to boats and travel to new locations
d.
the illegal importation for restaurant food
e.
its rapid reproductive rate and its lack of natural enemies that might control its population
