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1. A tort is a violation of a duty imposed by the civil law.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The First Amendment guarantee of freedom of speech is an absolute right.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Public officials can win a defamation case only by proving the defendant's actual malice.
a.
True
b.
False
4. There are four elements to a defamation case and the plaintiff in any kind of lawsuit must prove one of the four
elements to prevail.
a.
True
b.
False
5. In order for a plaintiff to win a case involving intentional infliction of emotional distress, she must prove the defendant
acted in an extreme and outrageous manner.
a.
True
b.
False
6. A witness testifying in a court or legislature may never be sued for defamation.
a.
True
b.
False
7. If Gloria threw a rock that hit Merle, she is liable for an intentional tort of battery only if she intended to injure or harm
Merle.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Lori works for Big Corporation. The existing contract between Lori and Big Corporation can be terminated at will by
either party. Richard, the owner of a small store, offers to pay Lori much more money if she will leave Big Corporation
and work for his store. When Lori starts to work for Richard, Big Corporation correctly claims Richard is liable for
tortious interference with a contract.
a.
True
b.
False
9. A salesclerk at Braybon's Department Store observed a customer remove a ring from a display case and put it in her
purse. In most states, Braybon's will be able to detain the customer for suspicion of shoplifting.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Dewayne sold a space heater to Vivian, telling her it would heat a 200-square-foot area, even though he knew it would
effectively heat only about one third of that space. Dewayne is liable for the intentional tort of fraud.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Working out some frustrations after a bad game, Jessica angrily hits a baseball and then sees it is flying toward the
umpire. She yells, “Watch out!” The umpire ducks and the ball misses him. Since there was no physical contact, no
assault or battery occurred.
a.
True
b.
False
12. In an advertisement, FreshAir, Inc. stated that its air freshener lasted for 3 hours while the competitor's Smell Sweet
lasted for only 36 minutes. In fact, Smell Sweet freshens the air for more than 2 hours. FreshAir has not violated the
Lanham Act because the First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech applies.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Punitive damages are intended to punish the defendant for conduct that is extreme and outrageous.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Ahmi was a witness in a lawsuit. When asked why he fired Rana, Ahmi replied, "Rana was fired for willful
misconduct." Indeed, Rana had not engaged in any misconduct. Rana will be able to successfully sue Ahmi for defamation
based on what Ahmi said in court.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The single recovery principle requires a court to settle a matter once and for all by awarding a lump sum for past and
future expenses.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Which of the following statements about torts is correct?
a.
A tortious act is always a criminal act.
b.
A criminal act is always a tortious act.
c.
A tortious act may also be a criminal act.
d.
A tortious act is the same as a contract dispute.
17. Shortly after Brian started to work at Trevit, Inc., a co-worker, Ann, began asking him out. Brian said no.
Nevertheless, Ann persisted. One day Ann playfully but intentionally touched Brian “below the belt.” Which statement is
correct?
a.
Ann defamed Brian.
b.
Ann committed the tort of trespass.
c.
Ann committed the tort of interference with a prospective advantage.
d.
Ann committed the tort of battery.
18. Jim told his manager, Lana, that a co-worker, Diane, had been in prison for theft. Lana checked into the matter and
when she learned that Diane had served time in prison for theft, she fired her.
a.
Jim is liable to Diane for defamation.
b.
Jim is liable to Diane for defamation unless he can show a legitimate reason for having to tell Lana about
Diane's prison history.
c.
Jim is liable to Diane for defamation only if she is a public figure.
d.
Jim is not liable to Diane for defamation.
19. A national magazine published an article about a famous television star. The television personality is upset because
the information contained in the story is not correct. If the actress sues the magazine,
a.
she will need to show that the magazine has a history of being "reckless" with facts on a regular basis.
b.
she will need to show that the magazine either knew the story was false or acted with reckless disregard of the
facts.
c.
she will need to show that the magazine failed to attempt to verify the story by trying to contact her or her
agent before the story was printed.
d.
she will need to show that the magazine could have discovered that the story was false but failed to do so.
20. Taking or using someone's personal property without consent is referred to as
a.
fraud.
b.
negligence.
c.
conversion.
d.
trespassing.
21. Wholesome Bread, Inc. advertised that its honey wheat bread had 25% fewer calories than a competing brand, Valley
Grains. In fact, Wholesome's bread had the same amount of calories as Valley Grains' bread. Wholesome Bread's conduct
a.
does not violate the Lanham Act because of the First Amendment freedom of speech.
b.
does not violate the Lanham Act because Wholesome did not act with actual malice.
c.
does not violate the Lanham Act because comparative ads are exempt from the law.
d.
violates the Lanham Act.
22. Adam decided to play a practical joke on Linda, a co-worker. As Linda was leaving the office one night, Adam,
wearing a mask, stepped out from behind some bushes. He pointed a handgun made out of licorice at her and demanded
her purse. He then pushed the candy gun to her head and told her if she told anybody he'd kill her. Linda was very scared
during the whole incident. She did not think it was funny when Adam pulled the mask off and took a bite out of the gun as
he gave her the purse back. Which statement is correct?
a.
Adam committed an assault but not a battery.
b.
Adam committed a battery but not an assault.
c.
Adam committed an assault and a battery.
d.
Adam committed neither an assault nor a battery since he used a candy gun and was only playing a joke on
Linda.
23. Adam decided to play a practical joke on Linda, a co-worker. As Linda was leaving the office one night, Adam,
wearing a mask, stepped out from behind some bushes. He pointed a handgun made out of licorice at her and demanded
her purse. He then pushed the candy gun to her head and told her if she told anybody he'd kill her. Linda was very scared
during the whole incident. She did not think it was funny when Adam pulled the mask off and took a bite out of the gun as
he gave her the purse back. Did Adam commit the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress?
a.
Yes, as his conduct was intentional.
b.
Yes, but only if Adam intended to cause Linda serious emotional distress.
c.
No, since he was only playing a practical joke.
d.
No, since Linda was not physically hurt by Adam.
24. John was driving home one night in a terrible snow storm when his car stalled. He managed to push the car onto a
small shopping center's parking lot. The next day about noon he came to get the car and it had been towed away by the
owner of the parking lot. The owner explained she had to remove the car to clean the snow off her lot and told John where
the car had been towed. Which statement is correct?
a.
The owner of the parking lot is liable for conversion. She took John's car without his consent.
b.
The parking lot owner has a absolute privilege for towing the car since it was a business necessity.
c.
Even though John left his car in the parking lot under emergency conditions, he still committed a trespass on
the owner's property.
d.
All the above are correct.
25. An intentional tort involves conduct in which
a.
the defendant intended to harm the plaintiff.
b.
the defendant intended a certain physical act which ends up injuring someone.
c.
injuries are caused to someone because of the defendant’s neglect or oversight.
d.
there is resulting punishment, including prison, for the defendant.
26. Trein, Inc. entered into a one-year, $1 million contract with Mia, a sports celebrity, to promote Trein's products. E-
presto Inc., a competitor of Trein, was interested in having Mia promote its products and knew of her contract with Trein.
E-presto offered Mia a three-year, $5 million contract. Mia left Trein and signed with E-presto. Which statement is
correct?
a.
Trein is liable for tortious interference with a contract.
b.
Mia is liable for tortious interference with a contract.
c.
E-presto is liable for tortious interference with a contract.
d.
Both Mia and E-presto are liable for tortious interference with a contract.
27. A salesclerk at Sparkle Jewelry Store observed a customer remove a ring from a display case and put it in his pocket.
In most states, Sparkle
a.
can reasonably detain the customer for suspicion of shoplifting.
b.
cannot detain the customer but can alert the police.
c.
cannot detain the customer but once the customer leaves the store, the salesclerk can make a citizen's arrest.
d.
cannot detain the customer but can sue for conversion.
28. Trein, Inc. entered into a one-year, $1 million contract with Mia, a sports celebrity, to promote Trein's products. E-
presto Inc., a competitor of Trein, was interested in having Mia promote its products but knew of her contract with Trein.
E-presto offered Mia a three-year, $5 million contract. Mia left Trein and signed with E-presto. If Trein sues E-presto for
tortious interference with a contract, E-presto
a.
will be able to establish a justification since E-presto was acting to protect an existing economic interest.
b.
will be able to establish a justification because, in talking to Mia, E-presto was exercising its First Amendment
freedom of speech.
c.
will be able to establish a justification because to decide otherwise would subject Mia to involuntary servitude.
d.
will not be able to establish a justification.
29. Runyon was ready to sign a two-year agreement with Barnett Corp. to become Barnett’s sales representative for a
three-state area. LaPrise, who wants to be the representative for that area, threatens Runyon with bodily harm if he takes
the position. Runyon decides his physical well being is more important to him than the job, so he does not accept the
position. LaPrise
a.
committed tortious interference with a contract.
b.
committed tortious interference with a prospective advantage.
c.
committed a battery.
d.
caused a breach of contract and committed the tort of intrusion.
30. The money intended to restore a plaintiff to the position he was in before the injury is referred to as
a.
punitive damages.
b.
tortious payments.
c.
compensatory damages.
d.
conversion payments.
31. Which of the following is a valid defense to a defamation claim?
a.
The statement was not slanderous only libelous.
b.
The statement was only an opinion.
c.
The First Amendment guarantees the absolute right to free speech.
d.
The statement did not cause any grave injury.
32. Which of the following guarantees that a witness testifying in a court or legislature may never be sued for defamation?
a.
recovery principle
b.
protected right to slander
c.
defamation privilege
d.
absolute privilege
33. Angela sued Tom for battery. Angela was awarded $30,000 for future medical expenses. Five years after the award,
Angela realizes that her medical expenses will far exceed $30,000. Under the single recovery principle,
a.
Angela will be able to submit the additional medical bills to the court for payment.
b.
Tom will have to pay the additional medical bills.
c.
Tom will have a qualified privilege and only have to pay a portion of the additional medical expenses.
d.
Angela will have no recourse against Tom or the court for the medical expenses as long as the original award
was reasonable.
34. Rodney was employed by Deluxe Discount Store. Rodney's manager directed him to check the prices of dog food at
Huge Savings Store. The manager of Huge Savings Store saw Rodney writing down prices and asked him to leave.
Rodney, fearful that he would be fired by Deluxe, refused to leave. Rodney committed the tort of
a.
larceny.
b.
trespass.
c.
misrepresentation.
d.
conversion.
35. The elements in a defamation case are:
a.
defamatory statement; falsity; communication; and injury.
b.
a contract; knowledge of the contract; improper inducement; injury.
c.
false or misleading fact statements; statements in commercial advertising; likelihood of harm.
d.
duty; breach of duty; proximate causation; and damages.
36. The Supreme Court has held that in awarding punitive damages, a court must consider three "guideposts." Which of
the following is NOT one of these guideposts?
a.
the reprehensibility of the defendant's conduct
b.
whether or not compensatory damages will also be awarded
c.
the ratio between the harm suffered and the award
d.
the difference between the punitive award and any civil penalties used in similar cases
37. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the differences between contract, tort, and criminal law?
a.
Tort and criminal law both impose a punishment for the defendant including prison and/or a fine.
b.
Criminal law imposes duties of conduct on all persons.
c.
Contract law awards money damages for the plaintiff; tort and criminal law do not.
d.
Criminal law is prosecuted by the government.
38. Written defamation is _____; oral defamation is _______.
a.
fraud; conversion
b.
conversion; fraud
c.
slander; libel
d.
libel; slander
39. Don was standing in a cafeteria line holding a plate. Tim was upset with Don. Tim turned Don around and grabbed the
plate out of Don's hand. Tim then held the plate up and threatened to break it over Don's head. Tim has committed
a.
a battery, but not an assault.
b.
an assault, but not a battery.
c.
both an assault and a battery.
d.
neither an assault nor a battery.
40. The ruling in the landmark case of New York Times v. Sullivan was that a public official can win a defamation case
a.
without proving the defendant acted with reckless disregard of the truth.
b.
only by proving the defendant's actual malice.
c.
without proving the defendant knew his or her statement was false.
d.
only by proving the defendant has a history of reckless behavior.
41. Wilma’s arm is broken when Paula knocks her down during an argument. If Wilma sues Paula for battery, what
damages is Wilma likely to receive?
42. Tracy is an employee of Zebra Toy Company and both parties are free to terminate her employment at will. One
afternoon she has lunch with a friend who works in marketing for her company's biggest competitor, Tiger Toys. Over a
period of about three months, Tiger Toy representatives convince Tracy to work with them. Tiger offers a larger base
salary with bigger commissions than she had with Zebra. When Tracy leaves Zebra, it sues Tiger Toys claiming it
intentionally interfered with a contractual relationship. Will Zebra Toy Company be successful?
43. On its website, Otrex, Inc. claimed that its pain reliever was more effective than Nelton, a competing pain reliever.
Discuss the elements that Nelton must prove to win a case against Otrex under the Lanham Act.
44. As assistant manager of a discount department store, you have been asked to review the store's policy concerning
shoplifters. (a) Discuss the legal standard used in most states governing the detention of suspected shoplifters. (b) In
reviewing the store's policy, discuss some of the items that you will consider.
45. Discuss the four elements that must be proven in order to win a defamation case.
