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a) establishing a sense of urgency for change.
b) bad planning.
c) that such efforts are intense and highly stressful.
d) bad implementation.
39. According to Lewin, the correct order in the steps of change is:
a) freezing, refreezing, and changing.
b) unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
c) refreezing, changing, and unfreezing.
d) changing, unfreezing, and refreezing.
40. According to Lewin, which of the following steps prepares a system for change?
a) Refreezing
b) Unfreezing
c) Freezing
d) Thawing
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41. In the __________ phase of planned change, managers help others to develop, experience,
and feel a real need for change.
a) thawing
b) refreezing
c) freezing
d) unfreezing
42. According to Kurt Lewin, the __________ phase of planned change focuses on stabilizing
the change with rewards, positive reinforcement, and resource support.
a) thawing
b) refreezing
c) freezing
d) unfreezing
43. __________ makes continual adjustments as changes are being implemented.
a) Incremental change
b) Transactional change
c) Improvisational change
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d) Transformational change
44. A(n) __________ strategy pursues change through formal authority or the use of rewards or
punishments.
a) rational persuasion
b) shared power
c) force-coercion
d) irrational
45. A(n) __________ strategy creates change through rational argument and empirical data.
a) rational persuasion
b) shared power
c) force-coercion
d) empirical force
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46. A(n) __________ strategy pursues change by participation in assessing change needs, values,
and goals.
a) rational persuasion
b) shared power
c) force-coercion
d) empirical force
47. Which of the following strategies engages people in a collaborative process of identifying
values, assumptions, and goals from which support for change will naturally emerge?
a) Force-coercion strategy
b) Rational persuasion strategy
c) Shared power strategy
d) Political maneuvering strategy
48. The board of directors of Esten Inc. is planning an incremental change within the company.
In order to reduce employee resistance to the change, the management provides encouragement,
Schermerhorn & Bachrach / Exploring Management, 5th Edition Test Bank
training, channels for communicating problems and complaints, and ways of helping overcome
performance pressures. Which of the following approaches has been used by Esten to deal with
the resistance to change?
a) Facilitation and support
b) Participation and involvement
c) Manipulation and cooptation
d) Explicit and implicit coercion
49. Jake is a change leader who is responsible for bringing about a transformational change in his
organization. He forces resisters to accept change by threatening them with a variety of
undesirable consequences if they do not cooperate. Which of the following approaches is used by
Jake to deal with the resistance to change?
a) Education and communication
b) Participation and involvement
c) Manipulation and cooptation
d) Explicit and implicit coercion
50. Which of the following is NOT a source of resistance to change?
a) Successful changes in the past
b) Fear of the unknown
c) Loss of control
d) Loss of face
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True/False
51. Research finds that if a company employs the right people, a strong corporate culture will
happen on its own.
52. Core cultures are found in the underlying values of an organization.
53. One of the challenges for managers is that values statements are easy to develop and write
but hard to live up to.
Schermerhorn & Bachrach / Exploring Management, 5th Edition Test Bank
54. Strong corporate cultures are easy to develop and quick to implement.
55. Commercializing is the process of taking an idea and putting it into action.
56. Using robots to improve manufacturing efficiency is an example of product innovation.
Schermerhorn & Bachrach / Exploring Management, 5th Edition Test Bank
57. Creating innovative ways to solve pressing social problems is called social engineering.
58. Special creative units set free from the normal organizational structure for the purpose of
innovation are called advanced development teams.
59. In highly innovative organizations, staffing builds talent for innovation.
60. Transformational change is more important to an organization than incremental change.
Schermerhorn & Bachrach / Exploring Management, 5th Edition Test Bank
61. The success of a rational persuasion strategy depends on having very good facts and
information and being able to communicate them well.
Fill-in
62. __________ can be defined as a system of shared beliefs and values that develop within an
organization and guides the behavior of its members.
63. __________ is the process through which new members learn the culture of an organization.
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64. The __________ of an organization is found in the stories, heroes, rituals, and symbols that
are part of daily organizational life.
65. The underlying values and assumptions that support the observable culture are part of the
__________ culture.
66. __________ involves operating with a commitment to actively help develop, communicate,
and represent the shared values within an organization.
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67. Practices that create meaning and shared community among organizational members are
known as __________.
68. The process of developing new ideas and putting them into practice is known as
__________.
69. __________ is the process of turning new ideas into applications that generate profits.
70. __________ are individuals who take initiative to change the existing pattern of behavior of
another person or social system.
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71. Leadership of __________ focuses on building upon existing ways of doing things with the
goal of doing them better in the future.
72. In the force-coercion change strategy, the __________ tactic involves working indirectly to
gain special advantage over other people in order to force a change.
73. In the __________ strategy, change is pursued through empirical data and rational judgment.
Schermerhorn & Bachrach / Exploring Management, 5th Edition Test Bank
Essay
74. Define organizational culture, observable culture, and core culture.
75. Define innovation and describe the three types of innovation.
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76. Explain the three phases of planned change developed by Kurt Lewin.
77. Name and define the three types of change strategies along with their corresponding power
bases.
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78. Do you support the management practice of manipulation and cooptation to deal with the
resistance to change in an organization? Give reasons.